­^€å maltose; malt suger MALURIDAE mamanpian; mother yaw mamma (pl.mammae); breast mammae MAMMALIA mammalogy mammals mammary mammary apparatus mammary area mammary areola mammary gland mammary lymph gland mammary papilla; nipples mammary pouch mammate mammilla (pl.mammillae); mamilla mammillary; mamillary mammillary body; corpus mammillare mammillary line mammillary process; processus mammillaris mammillary reces mammilliform mammogen; mammogenic hormone mammose mammotropin; prolactin mammut Mampava bipunctella Ragonot man ape Manacopus MANATEES Mandarian Rat Snake;Elaphe mandarinus Mandarin Duck Mandarin Rat Snake;Elaphe mandarina takasago mandible; mandibulum mandibular alveolar nerve mandibular arch mandibular articulation mandibular bristle mandibular bud mandibular canal mandibular duct mandibular fold mandibular fossa mandibular ganglion mandibular gland mandibular line mandibular nerve; inferior maxillary branch mandibular neuromere mandibular sclerite mandibular segment mandibular setae mandibular somite mandibular symphysis mandibular valve mandibular mandibulata mouth parts MANDIBULATA; ANTENNATA mandibulate type mandrill Mandrillus Mandrillus leucophaeus Mandrillus sphinx manetee mangabey mange mite Mangeliinae Mangrove Skink; Coastal skink; Emoia atrocostata atrocostata Mangrove Snake; Boiga dendrophila melanota MANIDAE manifold effects of genes; pleirtropic effects of genes Manis Manis aurita Manis crassicaudata Manis javanica Manis pentadactyla Manis pentadactyla dalmanni Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla Manis pentadactyla pusilla Manis temminckii mannan D-mannitol D-mannose mannose-6-phosphate receptor manometabola; paurometabola manometer manometric method Manta birostris Mantean baboon MANTIDEA Mantis MANTISPIDAE mantle mantle cavity; branchial cavity mantle cell mantle fibre mantle fold mantle groove mantle layer mantle line mantle lobe mantle segment MANTOPHASMATODAE manubrium (pl.manubria) manubrium of malleus; m. mallei manubrium of sternus; m. sterni manus; hand Many Striped Skink; Common Sun Skink; Mabuya multifasciata Many-banded Krait; Bungarus multicinctus multicinctus manyplies; omasum; psalterium many-toothed blackfish map distance mapilloma maple syrup urine disease marasmus marasmus infantilis marasmus senilis Marcusenius Marfan's syndrome margin of overgrowth marginal cell marginal convolution marginal fissure marginal lappet marginal placenta; placenta marginalis marginal plate marginal scute marginal teeth marginal zone; zona marginalis MARGINELLIDAE margino-costal margo axillaris (scapulae) margo; margin Margoronia indica (Saunders); Diaphania indica (Saunders) Marie's disease marijuana marine marine biology marine life zone marine plankton marine plant community marine worms maritime earwig marker genes marlins MARMOSIDAE marmoset marmot Marmota Marmota monax Maroon Oriole Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome marrow marrow brain; myelencephalon marrow cavity marrow cell marrow space MARSIPOBRANCHII marsupial marsupial mole marsupial pouch; marsupium marsupial wolf Marsupial MARSUPIALIA marsupium marten Martes Martes flavigula chrysospila Martinotti cells Maruca testulalis Geyer masculinization mass mass action law mass breeding mass extinction mass flow hypothesis mass mutation mass peristalsis mass selection mass spectrometer massa intermedia; middle commissure masseter muscle; musculus massetes masseteric fossa mast cell MASTACEMBELIDAE Mastacomys Mastacomys fuscus mastax master gland master senses mastication masticator nerve masticatory stomach mastigium mastigobranchia MASTIGOPHORA mastigosome stage mastigosome; blepharoplast mastitis mastodon Mastodonsaurus mastoid mastoid border mastoid foramen mastoid portion mastoid process mastoiditis Mastomys natalensis MASTOTERMITIDAE Masturus masu Mataeocephalus Matamata Turtle; Chelus fimbriata maternal maternal cotyledon maternal deprivation syndrome maternal effect maternal glycogen tissue maternal impression maternal inheritance mathematical biology mathematical genetics Maticora bivirgata ; Blue Malaysian Coral Snake mating mating behavior mating flight mating gland mating group mating reaction mating season mating type matriclinal inheritance matriclinous; matroclinous matrilinear inheritance matrix (pl.matrices) matrix unguis matroclinal matroclinal inheritance matroclinous Matsubaraea maturation maturation division maturation period maturation rate Mauremys mutica ; Asian Yellow Pond Turtle; Yellow Turtle maturity; adulthood maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) maxilla (pl.maxillae) maxillae maxillary maxillary alveolar branches maxillary arch maxillary bristle maxillary bud maxillary cartilage maxillary cheek tooth maxillary dental plexus maxillary ganglion maxillary gland maxillary incisor branch maxillary nerve maxillary palpus maxillary placode maxillary process maxillary sclerite maxillary segment maxillary septum maxillary setae maxillary sinus maxillary stylet maxillary tendon maxillary tentacle maxillary tuberosity maxillary valve maxilliferous maxilliform maxillipede; maxilliped maxillo-labial complex maxillo-mandibular arch; jaw; mandibular arch maxillo-muscular artery; masseteric artery maxillo-palatine process maxillo-turbinale (os.) maximal stimulus maximum maximum birth rate maximum effective temperature maximum fatal high temperature maximum minimum thermometer maximum mortality mayflies maze McArdle's disease Mccoskerichthys McCune-Albright syndrome MCRMYRIDA; MORMYRIFORMES Meadia mean square mean valus MEANTES measles; morbilli measuring worms meatus mechanical control mechanical dissination mechanical isolation mechanical stimulus mechanical transmission mechanism mechanism of evolution mechanistic philosophy mechanists mechanoreceptors Mecodontia mecon meconic acid meconin; meconine meconium MECOPTERA mecrocephalic mecroelement; minor element med chord media media stria medial angle of eye; angulus oculi medialis medial cell medial epicondyle medial femoral fascia medial femora-patellar ligament medial humidity medial malleolus medial meniscus medial pelpebral commissure medial plantar nerve medial surface of cerbrum medial temperature medial tuberosity; lesser tuberosity medial vestibular nucleus medial volar nerve median median appendage; unpaired appendage median caudal filament median cercus median dorsal arm median eminence median endothelial cushion median eye median fin; unpaired fin median fovea median lethal dose (MLD) median ligament (of bladder) median lobe median nerve median nerve cord median notch median ocellus median protocerebrum median sector median segment; propodium median septum median streak median sulcus median taenia median vein median ventral arm mediastinal area mediastinum (pl.mediastina) mediastinum cerebri mediastinum testis; corpus highmoreanum mediastinum thoracis mediate mediated transport mediator medical entomology medical genetics medico-legal genetics medifurca medinstinum cerebelli mediocentric medio-cubital cross vein mediocubitus mediotergite mediproboscis Mediterranean Worm Lizard; Blanus cinereus medithorax; mesothorax; meditruncus medium medium coverts medium secondary coverts medroxyprogesterone medulla (pl.medullae) medullary canal; vertebral canal medullary cavity; cavum medullare medullary cord medullary fasiculus medullary fold; neural fold medullary groove; neural groove medullary keel medullary membrane; endosteum medullary plate medullary ray medullary ripeness medullary sheath medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) medullary tissue; stroma medullary tube; neural tube medullary valve; valve of Vieussens medullated nerve fibers medulliblast medusa (pl.medusae) medusa bud medusafishes medusoid type megacephalic Megacerops MEGACHILIDAE MEGACHIROPTERA Megacrania tsudai Shiraki Megaderma Megaderma lyra MEGADERMATIDAE megaevolution megagamatophyte megagametophyte megakaryocytes MEGALADAPIDAE Megalaima oorti megalecithal egg; macroiecithal egg; polylecithal Megalobatrachus japonicus megaloblast megaloblastic anemia Megaloceros ; Irish elk Megalomycter MEGALOMYCTERIDAE MEGALOMYCTEROIDEI Megalonaias nickliniana MEGALONYCHIDAE megalopa megalopa stage MEGALOPIDAE megaloplankton Megalops cyprinoides MEGALOPTERA MEGALOSAUROIDEA Megalosaurus megamouth meganephridia Meganthropus meganucleus (pl.meganuclei); macronucleus MEGAPODIIDAE MEGAPODIIDAE Megaptera novaengliae Megarhininae megascleres Megascolides australis megazooid Meiacanthus grammistes Meibomian glands; tarsal glands Meintein Treefrog; Temple Treeforg; Chirixalus idiootocus meiolecithal eggs meiosis; meiotic division; reduction division; maturation division meiosome meiospore Meissner's corpsule Meissner's plexus Melambaphes MELAMPHAIDAE Melanagromyza dolichostigma de Meijere Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner); Longiunguis sacchari Zehntner MELANDRYIDAE MELANELLOIDAE melanin melanism; melanosis melanoblast MELANOCETIDAE MELANOCHARITIDAE Melanochelys tricarinata melanocyte melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) melanodon melanoglossia; black tongue melanoid melanoma MELANONIDAE melanophore-stimulating hormone-inhibiting hormone; MIH; MRIH melanophore-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone; serotonin; MRF melanophores melanosis; melanism melanosome Melanostomias melanopogon MELANOSTOMIDATIDAE MELANOSTOMIIDAE Melanosuchus niger MELANOTAENIIDAE melanotropic cell melanotropin Melanotus tamsuyensis Bates melasma melatonin Meleagrina MELEAGRIDAE Meleagris gallopavo melena; melaena melibiose Melichtys vidus Melipona melissic acid MELITHAEIDAE MELITTIDAE melliferous mellituria mellivorines; honey badgers; ratel badgers MELLOPHAGA Melogale moschata subaurantiaca MELOIDAE melolonthoid; scarabeiform Melomys Melomys cervinipes MELONECHINOIDA MELONGENIDAE melopelagic plankton MELPHAGIDAE melting temperature Melursus Melursus ursinus MELYRIDAE; MALACHIIDAE MEMBAS MEMBRACIDAE membrana; membrane membranaceous membrane membrane carrier membrane permeability membranelles membranization membranocranium membranoid membranous; membranaceous membranous cranium; membranocranium membranous labyrinth membranous semicircular canal membranule membronous septum of ventricles memory memory cells memory center MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) menacme menarche MENASPIDAE Menaspis MENASPOIDIE Mendelian Mendelian character Mendelian genetics (mendelism) Mendelian hybrid Mendelian inheritance Mendelian laws Mendelian population Mendelian ratio Mendelism Mene maculata MENGEIDAE Menhadens MENIDAE meningeal branch meningeal hemorrhage meningeal vein meninges (pl. of meninx) meningitis meningocele Meningococcus meningocytes meningosis meninx (pl. meninges) Meniscotherium meniscus (pl.menisci) menognathous menopause; climacteric Menopon straminean MENOPONIDAE menorhynchous menotaxis mensa menses menstrual menstrual cycle menstrual decidua; catamenial decidua menstrual flow stage menstruation mental defect mental dificiency mental disorder mental foramen mental gland mental illness mental nerve mental retardation mental surface menthol mentomeckelian bone mentum MENURIDAE Mephitis mephitis; skunks Mephitis mephitis mercaptoethanol Merckel's corpuscle Merckel's tactile discs mercuric chloride mercurochrome mericlinal mericlinal chimaera meridional canal meridional cleavage meridional fiber meridional furrow meridional plane Meriones Meriones unguiculatus merism; metamerism merismatic meristic variation merizoit; sporozoit MERLUCCIDAE Merluccius merluccius mermithaner mermithergate mermithogyne meroblastic meroblastic cleavage; m. segmentation meroblastic egg; m. ovum merocrine merocrine gland merocrine type merocyte; supernumerary nucli merogametes; microgametes merogamy; microgamy merogony meroistic type merokinesis Merole anchietae ; Dunes Lizard meromixis meromorphosis; partial regeneration meron; subcoxa MEROPEIDAE MEROPIDAE meropodite Merops philippinus MEROSTOMATA Merostomes merozoite; schizozoite merozygote merrythought bone; furcula; wishbone MERULINIDAE Merychippus; protohippus Merycoidodon Merycoidodontoids MERYCOIDONTIDAE MESAXONIA MESAXONIA; PERISSODACTYIA mesectoderm mesembryo; blastula mesencephalon; mid-brain mesenchyma; mesenchyme mesenchymal mesenchymal cells mesenchymal epithelium mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme; mesenchyma mesendoderm; mesentoderm mesenterial band mesenterial fold mesenterial small intestine mesenterial tissue mesenteric artery mesenteric filament mesenteric ganglion mesenteric vein mesentery (pl.mesenteria)¡F mesenterium (pl.mesenteria) mesentery proper mesepimeron mesepisternum mesethmoid MESICHTHYES mesinfraepisternum MESITORNITHIDAE mesobenthos mesobilirubinogen Mesobins mesoblast; mesoblastema; mesoderm mesoblastic mesoblastic cells mesoblastic organ mesoblastic somite mesoblastic streak; germinal streak mesobranchial mesobronchus mesocaecum mesocardium mesocephalic mesocoele mesocoles mesocolon; colic mesentery mesocoracoid Mesocricetus Mesocricetus auratus mesodaeum mesoderm mesoderm germ mesodermal band mesodermal fold mesodermal pouch mesodermal somite mesodermal teloblast MESODESMATIDAE mesoduodenum mesoectoblast mesoepisternum mesofurca; medifurca mesogastrium; mesogaster; omentum MESOGASTROPODA THIELE mesoglea mesoglea; mesogloea mesoglia mesoglia cells mesohepar Mesohippus mesolecithal eggs mesolithic age mesomere mesomeric muscles mesometrium mesomitosis mesomyodian mesomyodian passrines MESONEMERTINI mesonephric mesonephric blastema mesonephric duct; Wolffian duct mesonephric fold mesonephric sinus mesonephric tubule mesonephric vesicle mesonephriduim mesonephros; Wolffian body; mesonephroi mesonotum; mesotergum Mesonychid MESONYCHIDS Mesonyx mesoparapteron mesophilic bacteria mesophytes Mesopithecus mesoplankton mesoplasm mesoplastron (pl.mesoplastra) Mesoplodon densirostris Mesoplodon ginkgodens mesopterygial cartilage; mesopterygium mesopterygoid mesorchium mesorectum Mesosa perplexa (Pascoe); Pachyosa perplexa Pascoe mesosalpinx MESOSAURIA mesoscutellum mesoscutum mesoseries mesosoma; mesosome mesosome mesosternum Mesosuchia mesothelium mesothoracic mesothoracic germ mesothoracic somite mesothoracotheca mesothorax mesotrochal larva mesovarium MESOVELIIDAE MESOZOA mesozoic era messenger RNA; mRNA metabiosis METABOLA metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic antagonism metabolic block metabolic cell metabolic DNA metabolic error metabolic gradient metabolic insufficiency metabolic intermediate metabolic nucleus metabolic pathway metabolic phenomena metabolic poison metabolic rate metabolic stage metabolic theory of sex determination metabolism metabolite metacarpal metacarpal bone; ossa metacarpalia metacarpal nerves metacarpal quill metacarpal tubersity metacarpodigitals; primaries metacarpophalangeal articulation metacarpus metacentric metacentric chromosomes metacercaria; encysted cercaria metachromasis metachromasy metachromatic metachromatic granules metachromatic leukodystrophy metachromatic material metachromia; metachromosia metachronism metachrosis metacoel; epicoel; metacele metacone metaconid metaconule metacoracoid metacromion process metacyclic metadiscoidal metaepisternum metafemale metagastrula metagenesis; alternation of generations metagynic metakinesis metal ions metalimnion metalloenzyme metallothioneins metaloph metamale metamere; somite metamerism metamorphosis Metamynodon metanauplius stage METANEMERTINE metanephric duct metanephric tubule metanephridia metanephridium (pl.metanephridia) metanephrogenic tissue metanephros (pl.metanephroi) metanilic acid metanotum metaphase metaphase arrest metaphase ¢¹ (M ¢¹) metaphase ¢º (M ¢º) metaplasia metaplasm metaplasmic content metaplcuron metapleura metapleural fold metapneustic type metapodeon metapodium (pl.metapodia) metapodsosoma Metaposaurus metaprotein metapterygium metapterygoid metareduplication metarterioles metascutellum metascutum metasoma; metasome metastable state metastasis metastatic development metastatic life history metasternum metastigma metastomial disc metasyndesis; telosyndesis metatarsal metatarsal bone; metatarsus metatarsal fascia metatarsal tubercle metatarsus; metatarsal bone metathalamus METATHERIA METATHERIA metathoracic somite metathorax (pl.metathoraces) metatroch; post-oral ciliary ring metatympanic bone; entotympanic bone METAZOA metazoaea metencephalon met-enkephalin metepimeron metepisternum metestrus; metestrum methane methanol methemoglobin methionine methyl methyl bromide methyl eosin methyl eugenol methyl orange methyl red methyldopa methylene blue methylglyoxal methylmetatyrosine methylnorepinephrine methyltestosterone metoestrum; metoestrus; metestrum Metoposaurus metosteron metric table Metridium metroclinal Mexican Beaded Lizard; Heloderma horridum Mexican Blind Snake; Anomelepis mexicanus Mexican Burrowing Python; Loxocemus bicolor MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Miacoidea miasm; miasma micella (pl.micelles) micella theory MICRAMPHIBIA; MICROASA RIA; ADELOSPONDYLI micraner micrergate; microergate microadenoma microaerophile micro-aerophilic organisms microalbuminuria microbe; micro-organism microbial degradation microbial genetics microbicide; bactericide microbiology microbion; microbe microbiota MICROBIOTHERIA MICROBIOTHERIIDAE microbodies Microcanthus strigatus Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford) Microceropsylla nigra Crawford microchemical methods MICROCHIROPTERA microchromatography microchromosome microcinematorgraphy microclimate Micrococcus Micrococcus cerebrospinalis Micrococcus gonorrhoecae microconjugant MICROCORYPHIA microdissection Microdonophis erabo Microdonophis ployphthalmus microelectrodes microelectrophoresis microencephaly micro-environment microevolution microfauna microfibril microfilaments microgamete microgametoblast microgametocyte microgamy microgeographic race microglia Micrognathus mataafae micrographia microgyne microhabitats Microhydra Microhyla inornata Microhyla ornata MICROHYLIDAE microinjection microlecithal egg micrology micromanipulation micromanipulator micromanometry micromere micrometer Micrometrus micrometry Micromischodontini micromutation Micromys Micromys minutus micron (£g) micronephriduim (pl.micronephridia) micronucleus (pl.micronuclei) micronutrients micro-organism; microbe microphage microphotodensitometry microphotography microplankton micropterus MICROPTERYGIDAE micropylar micropylar cap micropylar papilla micropyle MICROSAURIA; MICRAMPHIBIA microsclere microscope microscopic agglutination tests microscopic anatomy microscopic examination microscopy microsome microspectrophotometry microsphere microspore MICROSPORIDIA microsymbiont microtechnique Microthorax microtome microtomy microtrabeculae microtrabecular lattice microtrichina microtubules microsurgery Microtus Microtus kikuchii Microunga leonina microvilli microzooid Micruroides euryxanthus ; Western Coral Snake mictic micton micturate micturition mid body mid ridge mid-brain; mesencephalon mid-digitals middle alveolar branch middle clinoid process middle concha middle digital branch middle ear middle fossa middle gastro-epiploic vein middle gut; midgut middle lamella middle leg middle lobe middle palaeolithic age middle peduncle middle piece middle plate middle pleural area middle-age spread middorsal middorsal chord middorsal ridge midgastrula midges midget midgut; middle gut mid-intestine mid-leg midrib Midshipmen midspindle elongation midventral migrant migrant bird; migratory bird migrant selection migrating mesenchyme migration migration coefficient migratory cell migratory locust MIH; melanophore-stimulating hormone-inhibiting hormone; MRIH Miichthys miiuy Mikado Pheasant mildews miliary tubercle milk dentition milk hill milk let-down reflex milk pockets milk ridge; mild line Milk Snake; Lampropeltis triangulum milk spot milk teeth; meciduous teeth milk-alkali syndrome milkfish milky disease MILLEPOOOORIDAE MILLEPORIDA MILLEPORINA millipede; millepede Milvus migrans Mimasea taeniosoma Mimela testaceoviridis Blanchard mimetic muscle mimetism gene mimetism mutant mimetism; mimicry mimicry; mimetism MIMIDAE mineral mineralization mineralocorticoid minicells minichromosome minigene minim minimal air minimal lethal dose (MLD) minimal medium minimal stimulus minimum minimum area minimum audible; auditory threshold minimum effective temperature minimum factor minimum fatal low temperature minimum mortality minimum protein minimum sensible minimum temperature minimum visible minimus; digitus minimus Miniopterus Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus Miniopterus schreibersii blepotis mink minke whale minnow minnows minor minor brachydactyly minor elements; microelements; trace elements minor gene; modifier gene minor pest minor spiral minus minus modifiers minute minute fragment Minute Leaf Chameleon; Pigmy Leaf Chameleon; Brookesia minima minute vane Minytrena Miocene Miocene epoch Miomastodon miracidium (pl.miracidia) MIRAPINNIDAE MIRIDAE Mirocebus coguereli Mirocebus murinus miscegenation miscibility miscopying; gene mutation misdivision Misgurnus anguillicaudatus misotropism missing antigen missing link Mississipian period Mistor mite mitochondria crest; m. membrane mitochondria matrix mitochondrium (pl.mitochondria); chondriosomes; plastochondria; plastosomes mitogen mitoma; mitome mitomycin mitosic mitospore mitotic apparatus mitotic crossing over; somatic crossing over mitotic cycle mitotic figure mitotic index mitotic nuclear division; mitosis mitotic recombination mitotic spindle mitral stenosis mitral value; bicuspid value MITRATA MITRIDAE MITROIDEA(=XANCIDAE=TURBIN ELLIDAE) Mitsukurina owstoni mixed articulation; amphiarthrosis mixed gallstone mixed glycerides mixed infection mixed nerve mixed tumor mixipterygium; clasper mixochimaera mixoploidy mixotrophic nutrition MLD (median lethal dose) mnemic theory Mnemiopsis mnemonic centre MNOTREMATA Moas Mobula diabolus Mobula formosana Mobula japonica MOCHOKIDAE Mock viper; Psammodynastes pulverulentus modal coefficient mode of evolution mode of infection moderator bands modification modifier; modifying gene modiolus moelcule MOERITHERIOIDEA Moeritherium Mogannia hebes Walker Mogera (=Talpa) Mogera micrura insularis moisture preferendum mojarras Mola mola mola process MOLANNIDAE molar molar gland molar solution; molecular solution molas mold; mould mole mole crickets molecular biology molecular bond molecular clocks molecular compound molecular disperse system molecular genetics molecular heat energy molecular solution; molar solution molecular system of heredity molecular weight molecule moles Molgula MOLIDAE MOLLUSCA MOLLUSCOIDEA molluska mollusks Moloch horridus ; Thorny Devil; Moloch MOLOSSIDAE molt and metamorphosis hormone molting fluid molting gland molting hormone molting; moulting; ecdysis molybdenum momentus MOMOTIDAE MOMPHIDAE monacanthid Monacanthinae Monacanthus Monachus schauinslandi monactinal MONACTINELLIDA monad monaestrous; monestrous monarch butterfly monaster monatomic molecules monaxon monaxon spicule monaxonic monaxonic nerve cell MONAXONIDA monecious; monoecious Monera; kingdom of Mongolia Racerunner; Eremias argus Mongolian idiocy Mongoliods Monilia monilial vulvovaginitis moniliasis moniliform antenna monimostylic monitor lizards monoamine oxidase (MAO) monoaster; monaster monoblastic Monocanthus chinensis monocardian monocentric MONOCENTRIDIDAE Monocentris japonica monocercous monochromatic Monocled Cobra; Naja kaouthia monoclonal antibodies Monoclonius monoculture Monocystis monocyte MONODACTYLIDAE Monodactylus argenteus monodaryon; monocaryon MONODELPHIA MONODONTIDAE Monodontinae monoecious; monecious monofactorial; unifactorial monogamy MONOGENEA monogenesis monogenetic; monogenous monogenetic development monogenetic reproduction; monogonia; monogany monogenetic trematoda monogenic monogenomic species MONOGNATHIDAE MONOGONONTA monogony; monogenetic reproduction monohybrid monohybrid cross monoiodo-L-tyrosine; 3- monomer monomerical inheritance Monomitopus kumae MONOMMIDAE monomodal curve monomorphism mononeuropathy monont; schzont; agamont; trophozoite mononuclear mononuclear phagocyte mononym monoparasitism monophagous monophasic monophasic response monophasic variation monophasis monophenol oxidase monophyletic taxon monophyletic theory monophyodont Monoplacophorans monoploid number monoploidy monopolar; unipolar MONORHINA monorhinal Monorrhina monosaccharides monosome monosomic monosomy monospermism; monospermy monostearin MONOSTYLIFERA MONOTAXIDAE Monotaxis grandoculis MONOTOCARDIA MONOTOMIDAE monotreme Monotrichous monotrochal larve monotypic species monovalent chromosome monoxenous monozygotic twins mons pubis; mons veneris monster monstrosity montculus monticuli cerebelli; culmen moolgarda pedaraki mooneyes moonfish Moorhen moorish Moorish Gecko; Common Wall Gecko; Tarentola mauritanica moose Morania ocellata morbilli; measles MORDELLIDAE Morelia spilota ; Carpet Python Morelia viridis ; Green Tree Python MORICIDAE MORIDAE Moringua abbreviata Moringua macrocephala MORINGUIDAE MORMOOPIDAE Mormoops Mormoops megalophylla MORMYRIDA; MORMYRIFORMS morph morphallaxis morphesis morphine morphocytology morphogenesis; morphogeny morphogenetic morphogenetic correlation morphogenetic factor morphogenetic gradient morphogenetic potential morphogenetic process morphological character morphological convergence morphological differentiation morphological lethal gene morphological mutant morphological sterility morphology Morpus mortality rate morula morula stage morulation morwongs mos (pl.mores) mosaic mosaic disease mosaic dominance mosaic eye mosaic hybrid mosaic image mosaic inheritance mosaic theory mosaicism MOSASAURIDAF Mosasaurus MOSCHIDAE Moschus Moschus moschiferus mosquitofish Motacilla flava MOTACILLIDAE moth mother cell mother cyst mother liquor mother nucleus mother of pearl layer mother star motile motile bacille motile cocci motilin motility motoneuron; motor neurone motor motor area motor cell motor centre motor coordination motor cortex motor end-plate motor fiber; m. nerve fiber motor nerve motor nervous system motor neuron motor neurone motor nucleus motor root motor unit moult; molt moulting gland moulting; molting Mountain Keelback; Pseudoxendon stejnegeri stejnegeri mountain snake Mountain Srub Warbler Mourning Gecko; Lepidodactylus lugubris Mousebirds Mousterian mouth appendage mouth cavity; oral cavity mouth gland mouth hooks mouth opening mouth part mouth slit movable movable articulation; diarthrosis movable joint; m. articulation movable vertebrae movement Moxostomatini MRF; melanophore-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone MRIH; melanophore-stimulating hormone-inhibiting hormone; MIH MSA (multiplication-stimulating activity) MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) M-type colony; mucoid colony mucic acid mucigen; mucinogen mucilage ducts mucin mucinogen; mucigen mucoid muconic acid mucopolysaccharides mucopolysaccharidosis mucoprotein Mucor mucosa mucous mucous cells mucous gland mucous layer mucous membrane mucous net mucous sheath mucous tissue mucrone mucus mud foat community mud puppy mud skipper mudminnows Mugil cephalus MUGILIDA¡F MUGILIFORMES MUGILIDAE mulattoes mule mull Mullerian duct Mullerian inhibitory factor (MIF) Mullerian mimicry Mullerornis mullets MULLIDAE Mulloidichthys flavolineatus Mulloidichthys vanicolensis Mullus MULTABILIA multangulum (os); multangular bone multangulum majus; great multangulum multangulum minus; lesser multangulum Multi-keeled Mabuya; Mabuya multicarinata multicellular multicellular animals multicellular gland multicellular hair multicellular organism multifidus muscle multigenic multihybrid cross multilineal variety multinucleate cell multiordinal multiparasitism multiparous women multipennate muscle multiple multiple allelomorphe; m. allele multiple chiasma multiple cross multiple diploid; allopolyploid multiple division multiple endocrine adenomatosis multiple endocrine neoplasis (MEN) multiple factors multiple fission; m. division multiple fruit multiple genes multiple kinetochore multiple myeloma multiple pregnancy multiple regression multiple sclerosis multiplication multiplication period multiploid multiploidy multipolar multipolar cell multipolar division multipolar mitosis multipolar nerve cells multipolar sexuality multipolar spindle multiserial multiserial bands multiserial circles multiserial crochet MULTITUBERCOLATA MULTITUBERCULATA multituberculate multituberculy mumps Munias Muntiacus Muntiacus crinifrons Muntiacus reevesi Muntiacus reevesi micrurus muntjac Muraena pardalis Muraenasaurus MURAENESOCIDAE Muraenesox bagio Muraenesox cinereus MURAENIDAE MURAENOLEPIDIDAE murexide MURICIDAE Muricinae MURICOIDEA MURIDAE Murina Murina puta murmur murrelet Mus Mus formosanus Mus musculus Musca Muscardinus Muscardinus avellanarius muscarin; muscarine muscarine-like action MUSCICAPIDAE MUSCIDAE muscle bands muscle body muscle fatigue muscle fibres muscle fibrils muscle of expression muscle plasma muscle plate; myotome muscle relaxant muscle scars muscle sheath muscle spindle muscle stripes muscle suger; inositol muscle tissue muscular branch muscular control muscular dystrophy muscular lines muscular process muscular sense muscular stomach muscular system muscular tissue muscularis muscularis mucosa muscularis of digestive system muscularis propria muscularis supracoracoideus musculature musculo-spiral groove; sulcus musculi brachiales musculo-spiral nerve; radial nerve musculus; muscle (pl. -li) musculus constrictor musculus dilataor musculus extensor musculus flexor; flexor muscle musculus lateralis musculus levator musculus obliquus musculus retractor musculus semi membranosus musculus semitendinosus musk musk deer musk gland musk ox musk rat MUSOPHAGIDAE mussel MUSSIDAE mustard gas mustard oil mustela Mustela erminea Mustela flavigula Mustela martes Mustela nigripes Mustela pennanti Mustela putorius Mustela sibirica MUSTELIDAE Mustelus griseus Mustelus manazo musulus extensor pterygii mutability mutable gene mutafacience mutafacient mutagen mutagenesis mutagenic compound mutant mutant site mutant species mutation mutation constant mutation frequency mutation period mutation pressure mutation rate mutation theory mutator gene Mute Swan MUTICA MUTILLIDAE muton mutualism mutually suplementary genes mutuation Mya myarian myasthenia gravis mycetocole mycetocyte mycetoma MYCETOPHAGIDAE mycetophagous mycetophagous insect MYCETOPHALIDAE mycin myclocyte mycloid metaplasia Mycobacteria Mycobacterium mycobiont mycobiota Mycobocterium smegmatis mycogenetics mycology mycoplasma mycorrhiza mycosis MYCTOCERA MYCTOPHIDAE MYCTOPHIFORMES Myctophum MYDAIDAE myelencephalon myelin myelin sheath myelinated nerve fibres myelinization myelmere myeloblast myelocoel myelogenous leukemia myeloid tissue myeloma myelon myenteric plexus myenteric reflex myenteron myiasis Myiophoneus insularis Mylabris phalerata Pallas MYLIOBATIDIDAE Myliobatis tobijei mylohyoid; musculus mylohyoideus Mylopharyngodon piceus MYOBATRACHIDAE myoblasts myocardium; myocardial layer Myocastor Myocastor coypus MYOCASTORIDAE myocoel myocomma (pl.myocommata) myocytes MYODOCOPA myofibril; myofibrillae myofilament myogen myogenic myogenic theory of heart beat myoglobin; myohaematin myoglobulin myography myohaematin; cytochrome MYOIDA MYOIDAE MYOIDEA myolemma (pl.myolemmata); sarcolemma myology; myologia myoma myomere myometrium MYOMORPHA myoneme; myonema myoneural cleft myoneural junction myopathy myopia myoplasm myoproteose myopterygii myorhabdoi myoseptum; myocomma myosin myosinogen myositis myositis ossificans progressiva Myospalax Myospalax psilurus Myotis Myotis formosus Myotis formosus watasei Myotis latirostris Myotis lucifugus Myotis taiwanensis myotome; muscle plate myotomic bud myotonia myotonia dystrophica myotonic reaction myotonometer myotonus myotrophy MYOXIDAE myrcene Myrecobius Myrecobius fasciatus MYRIACANTHIFORMES MYRIAPODA myriapods Myrichthys colubrinus MYRIENTOMATA MYRMECOBIIDAE Myrmecophag tridactyla MYRMECOPHAGIDAE myrmecology myrmecophagous myrmecophil ¡]e) myrmecophilism myrmecophilous myrmecophytes; ant plants MYRMELEONIDAE MYROCONGRIDAE Myrophis cheni MYSIDACEA mysis stage Mystacina Mystacina tuberculata MYSTACINIDAE MYSTICETI Mystriosuchus Mystromys Mystromys albicaudarus MYTILIDAE MYTILOIDA MYTILOIDEA Mytilus Myxini MYXINIDAE MYXINIFORMES Myxobacteria Myxocyprini Myxodini myxoedema; myxedema myxoedema coma myxoma virus myxomatosis MYXOMYCOPHYTA myxopodium MYXOSPORIDIA Myxus MYZAPODIDAE Myzopoda Myzopoda aurita MYZOPODIDAE Myzostoma MYZOSTOMIDAE Myzus formosanus Takahashi; Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi) Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi Myzus persicae (Sulzer) N NABIIDAE N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid nacreous layer; nacre layer nacrine NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) Naemorhedus Naemorhedus swinhoei naiad nail nail body; corpus unguis nail bone nail pad nail patella syndrome nail root Naja Naja atra ; Chinese Cobra Naja atra ; Common Cobra Naja naja atra Naja kaouthia ; Monocled Cobra Naja pallida ; African Cobra nalidixic acid NANDIDAE Nandini Nanhippus Nannopercinae nanometer nanoplankton nanosomia; nanosoma nape naprapathy Narcinini NARCOMEDUSAE narcosis narcotics; narcoticus narcotism; narcoticism naris (pl.nares); nostrils Narkini narrow-mouthed toads nasal nasal angle of the eye nasal bone nasal capsule nasal cavity; n.fossa; cavum nasi nasal channel nasal concha nasal horn nasal labyrinth nasal pit; olfactory pit nasal sac nasal septum nasal suture Nasalis Nasalis concolor Nasalis larvatus nascent Nasini Naso annulatus Naso brevirostris Naso hexacanthus Naso lituratus Naso unicornis Naso vlamingii nasociliary nerve; palpebronasal nerve; nervus nasociliaris nasofrontal nasofrontal process nasofrontal suture nasohypophysial nasohypophysial duct nasohypophysial stalk nasolaerimal duct; nasolachrymal duct; nasolacrimal canal nasomaxillary nasomaxillary notch nasomaxillary suture nasomedian process nasopharyngeal nasopharyngeal cavity nasopharyngeal duct nasopharyngeal pouch nasopharynx (pl.nasopharynges) nasoturbinal NASSARUUDAE nastic response Nasua Nasua nasus nasus NATALIDAE natality Natalus Natalus stramineus nates NATICIDAE NATICOIDEA native natriuretic hormone Natrix Natrix annularis Natrix miyajimae Natrix natrix ; Grass Snake Natrix percaricata Natrix percarinata suriki Natrix piscator Natrix sauteri Natrix stolata Natrix suriki Natrix swinhonis Natrix tigrina formosana Natrix tigrina tigrina Natrix vibakari natural acquired immunity natural balance natural bastard; natural hybrid natural classification natural crossing natural death natural enemy natural history natural immunity natural killer cells natural law natural monument natural mutation; spontaneous mutation natural population natural radiation natural science natural selection natural system nature nature and nurture nature study NAUCORIDAE Naultinus elegans ; Green Tree Gecko naupliosoma; phyllosoma; puerulus; glass crab nauplius nausea NAUTILIDA NAUTILIDAE NAUTILOIDEA NAUTILOIDEA (=TETRABRANCHIATA) Nautilus navel; umbilicus navicular bone; cymbiform bone Navodon modestus nealogy Neanderthal man neanic Neanthes virens nearsightedness NEBALIACEA Necator neck-lace form necrocytosis necrobiosis necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum necrobiotic; necrotic necrobiotic metamorphosis necrophaga necrophagous necropsy necrosis necrotoxin necrotrophic nectar NECTARINIDAE nectary necton; nekton NECTONEMATOIDEA Nectoophrymoidea nectophore Nectophrynoides NECTRIDIA needlefishes negative acceleration phase negative aerotaxis negative chemotaxis negative chemotropism negative control negative galvanotaxis negative geotaxis negative geotropism negative heliotropism negative hydrotaxis negative hydrotropism negative interaction negative phototaxis negative phototropism negative stain negroid NEIDIDAE Neisseria nekton; necton Nematalosa nasus Nemateleotris magnifica NEMATELMIA; NEMATHELMINTHES nematoblast NEMATOCERA nematocide nematocyst NEMATODA nematogen NEMATOGNATHIDA NEMATOIDEA nematology NEMATOMORPHA NEMATOMORPHOIDEA NEMEOBIIDAE NEMERTEA; NEMERTINA; NEMERTINI NEMERTINEA NEMESTRINIDAE NEMICHTHYIDAE Nemichthys scolopacea NEMIPTERIDAE Nemipterus hexodon Nemipterus japonicus Nemipterus virgatus Nemophini NEMOPTERIDAE Nemorhaedus goral NEMOURIDAE neoarctic region; neoarctic realm neoarctic zone NEOBALAENIDAE NEOBATRACHI NEOBATRACHIA neobiogenesis NEOCANCILLA neocentromere Neoceratodus forsteri neocranium Neocyema erythro soma neo-Darwinism Neofelis Neofelis nebulosa neoencephalon; neencephalon neogaea; neogaeic realm neogaeic realm; neogaea neogenesis NEOGNATHAE neognathi neognathous Neohipparion Neolabrus Neolaeops microphthalmus neo-Lamarckism neolithic age neo-Mendalism Neomeris phocaenoides neomorpha neomycin neonatal neonatal hemorrhage neonychium neopallium Neopepinnula orientalis Neophema chrysogaster Neophocaena phocaenoides neoplasm neoplastic cell Neopomacentrus azysron Neopomacentrus taeniurus NEOPTERA NEOPTERYGH NEOPTERYGII NEORNITHES Neoscombrops analis NEOSCOPELIDAE Neoscopelus microchir NEOSPORIDIA neosternum NEOSTETHIDAE neostoma neostriatum Neosynchiropus ijimai neoteinia NEOTELEOSTEI neoteleosts neoteny; neotenia Neotoma Neotoma floridana Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi); Myzus formosanus Takahashi neotropical fauna neotropical region neotropical zone neotype neovirus neovitalism Neozoic period; Caenozoic era Nepal bandicoot rat Nephopteryx pirivorella Matsumura Nephotettix apicalis (St?l) Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) Nephotettix virescens (Distant) nephridial organs nephridial tubules; nephric tubules nephridioblast nephridiopore nephridiostome nephridium (pl.nephridia) nephritis nephroblast nephrocalcinosis nephrocoel nephrogenic diabetes insipidus nephrogenic ridge nephrogenous tissue; nephrogenic tissue nephrolithiasis nephromere; mephrotome nephrone; nephron nephropathy nephrosclerosis; nephroscleria nephrosis nephrostome; nephrostoma nephrostormial tubule nephrotic syndrome nephrotome; nephromere nephrotomic plate NEPHTHEIDAE NEPIDAE nepionic nepionotype NEPTICULIDAE Neptuneinae Nereis neritic neritic community neritic province neritic zone NERITIDAE NERITOIDEA neritopelagic community NERITOPSIDAE NERITOPSINA NERUOPTERA nerve (nervus) nerve canal nerve cell; neurocyte nerve centre nerve conduction velocity nerve cord nerve eminence; neuromast nerve ending nerve fiber nerve fibrillae nerve foramina nerve ganglion nerve gases nerve growth factor (NGF) nerve impulse nerve net nerve pentagon nerve plexus nerve ring nerve tract nerve transmission nerve trunk nervicolois nervous control nervous cord nervous impulse; nerve impulse nervous layer nervous plate; medullary plate; neural plate nervous system nervous tissue nervulation nervule nervura costalis nervuration nervure nervus (pl. nervi) nervus depressor nesidioblastosis Nesodiprion japonica (Marlatt) Nesodon Nesokia net assimilation rate net knot net production net productivity Nettastoma taiwanesis NETTASTOMATIDAE NETTENCHELYS nettling cells; nematocyte nettling filament nettling hair network of testis; rete testis neural arc neural arch neural axis; spinal cord neural canal; medullary canal neural crest neural fold; n. ridge neural foramen neural gland neural groove neural layer neural lobe neural plate neural process neural scute neural shield neural spine neural tube neurapophysis (pl.neurapophyses) neuration neuraxon neurchormone neurchumoral neurenteric canal neurilemma (pl.neurilemmata); neurolemma neurine neurite; axon neuritis neurobiotaxis neuroblast neuroblastoma neurocoel; medullary canal neurocranium neurocyte neuroendocrine neuroendocrine disease neuroendocrine integration neuroendocrinology neurofibril neurofibromatosis neurogenesis neurogenic neurogenic rhythms neurogenic shock neuroglia neuroglia cells neurohormanal gland neurohormone neurohumor neurohypophysial hormone neurohypophysis neurokeratin neurolemma; neurilemma neurology neuromere neuromodulator neuromotor system neuromuscular neuromuscular apparatus neuromuscular cells neuromuscular junction neuron; neurone neuroneme neuronephroblast neuronophags; neurophags neuropathic neuropathy neurophysin neuropil neuroplasm neuropodium neuropore Neuropter NEUROPTERA neurosecretion neurosecretory cells neurosensory cells neurosis neurospongium Neurospora neurotensin neurotensinoma neurotic neurotoxicity neurotransmitter neurotrophic neurotropic virus neurula neurulation neutral neutral red neutral trait neutralism neutralizing antibody neutrin neutron neutron activation analysis neutrophil neutrophile cell nevus nevus araneus New Caledonia Giant Gecko; Rhacodactylus leachianus New Guinea Blind Skink; Dibamus novaeguinea New Guinea Helmeted Skink; Tribolonotus novaeguinea New Guinea Long-necked Turtle; TurtleChelodina novaeguineae newe species new stone age; neolithic age new world monkey new world rats newts nexus Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) N-formylmethionine niacin; nicotinic acid niacinamide; nicotinamide Nibblers Nibea acuta Nibea albiflora Nibea diacanthus Nibea japonica niche overlap niche shift niches; ecological niches Nicholsina NICOLETIIDAE Nicotiana tabacum nicotine nicotine sulphate nicotinic action nictitant ocellus nictitating membrane nictitation; nictation NIDALIIDAE nidamental gland nidation nidicolous nidifugous nidus avis; nidus hirundinalis night blindness night eye night vision Nightjars NightLizards; XANTHUSIIDAE Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) Nile bicher Nile Crocodile; Crocodylus niloticus Niltarva Vivida Nipaecoccus filamentosus (Cockerell) Niphon nipple Nippolachnus piri Matsumura NIPPOTAENIIDAE Nissl granules; Nissl's bodies Nissl substance nit niter NITIDULIDAE nitrate bacteria nitrates nitrification nitrifying bacteria nitrite nitrogen nitrogen assimilation nitrogen balance nitrogen cycle nitrogen equilibrium nitrogen fixation nitrogen fixing bacteria nitrogen mustard nitrogenous bases nitrogenous waste nitrous acid nitrous oxide nival zone Niviventer coxingi N-methyl-l-glucosamine Nocomis Noctilio Noctilio leporinus NOCTILIONIDAE Noctiluca NOCTUIDAE Noctuinae nocturnal animal nocturnal insect nodal tissue noddlefishes node (L.nodus) node of Ranvier node; atrioventricular; n;auriculo-ventricular node; lymph node; sino-atrial nodosal ganglion; ganglion nodosum Nodosaurus nodular goiter nodular hyperplasia nodular worm nodules noduli; nodules nodulus (pl.noduli); nodule nodus; node NOETIIDAE noireceptor NOMEIDAE nomenclature nomogenesis; hologenesis non-allelic genes nonbasic chromosomal protein nonbiodegradable non-cellular animals nonchromosome noncompetitive inhibition non-conjugation non-crossover noncyclic; photophosphorylation non-disjunction non-eletrolytes non-encapsulated endings non-glandular portion nongranular leukocytes nonhomologous non-homologous chromosomes non-invasive carcinoma nonketotic hyperosmolar coma non-medullated nerve; non-myclinated nerve; amyelinated nerve non-Mendelism inheritance non-myelinated nerve; nonmedullated nerve non-protein nitrogen (NPN) non-random segregation non-ruminante NONRUMINANTIA nonsense mutation nonsense suppressor nonsteroidal contraceptive non-striated muscle; smooth muscle non-suppurative nodullar panniculitis NON-TENTACULATA; NUDA nontoxic goiter nor-adrenaline; nor-epinephrine; arterenol norethandrolone norethindrone norethynodrel nor-leucine norm of reaction normal distribution normal migration normal variability curve normalizing selection NORMANICHTHYIDAE normetanephrine normoblast northern conifer forest Northern Leaf-tail Gecko; Phyllurus cornutus Northern Sand Gecko; Tropiocolotes tripolitanus Northern Shoveler Northern Velvet Gecko; Oedura castelnaui Northern White-rumped Swift Norwegian rat NOSODENDRIDAE Nostolepis nostrils; nares Nosy Be Flat-tail Gecko; Uroplatus ebenaui NOTACANTHIDAE NOTACANTHIFORMES Notacanthus abbotti notarium notatin notch deficiency Notharctus nothocline NOTHOSAURIA Nothosaurus NOTIPOROFONIA Notobatrachus NOTOCEPHALON NOTOCHEIIDAE notochord notochordal groove notochordal rod notochordal sheath notochordal tissue notocirrus NOTODONTLDAE NOTODOTIDAE notogaea; notogaeic realm notogenesis NOTOGRAPTIDAE Notomys Notomys mitchelli Notonecta ; back swimmer notonectal NOTONECTIDAE noto-pedal muscle Notophthalmus noto-pleural muscle notopleuron notopodium NOTOPTERIDAE NOTOPTEROIDEA NOTOPTEROIDEI Notorhynchus NOTORYCTEMORPHIA Notoryctes Notoryctes typhlops NOTORYCTIDAE NOTOSTRACA Notostylops NOTOSUDIDAE Notothenia rossii Nototrena pygmaeam NOTOXIDAE notum; tergum Novaculichthys taeniourus Novumbra hubbsi nuchal nuchal flexure nuchal ligament nuchal organ nuchal scute nuchal shield Nucifraga caryocatactes nuclear association nuclear conjugation nuclear disc nuclear division; caryocinesis; karyokinesis nuclear DNA nuclear envelope nuclear filament nuclear fragmentation nuclear layer nuclear membrane nuclear migration nuclear phase nuclear plate nuclear pores nuclear reaction nuclear reticulum nuclear sap; caryolymph nuclear sexing of cells nuclear spindle nuclear tetrad nuclear transplantation nucleate nucleation nuclei (pl. of nucleus) nucleic acid nucleic acid hybridization nuclein nuclelr fusion nucleocytoplasm ratio nucleodesma nucleohistone nucleohyaloplasm nucleoid nucleolar chromosome nucleolar hyperactivity nucleolar organizer nucleolus nucleoplasm; karyoplasm nucleoprotein nucleosome nucleus (pl.nuclei) NUCULANIDAE NUCULANOIDEA NUCULIDAE NUCULOIDA NUCULOIDEA NUDA; NON-TENTACULATA nude mice NUDIBRANCHIATA; NUDIBARNCHII Nudibranchs nullisomatic Numenius phaeopus numerical taxonomy NUMIDIDAE NUMMULITIDAE n-unit (neutron dorsimetry) nuptial nuptial coloration nuptial flight nuptial plumage nuptial tubercles nurse cells nursery nurseryfishes nurture Nutcracker nutmeg liver Nutmeg Mannikin nutrient nutrient artery nutrient cell nutrient fluid nutrient foramen nutrient gelatin nutrient medium nutrient requirement nutrition; holozoic nutritional edema nutritional mutant nutritive cell nutritive chamber nutritive cord nutritive element nutritive organ nutritive requirements of animals nutritive tissue nutritive value nutritive yolk Nyctalus Nyctalus noctula Nyctea scandiaca Nyctemerinae Nyctereutes Nyctereutes procyonoides NYCTERIBIIDAE NYCTERIDAE NYCTIBIIDAE Nycteris Nycteris macrotis Nycticebus Nycticebus coucang Nycticorax nycticorax Nyctimene Nyctimene albiventer nyctinasty nyctipelagic plankton Nyctiphruretus NYCTISAURIA nymph NYMPHALIDAE nystagmus nystatin O oarfish obconic; obconical obcordate; bocordatus Obelia obesity object lens; objective oblanceolate obligate aerobe obligate anaerobes obligate parasite obligatory obligatory aerobe; obligate aerobe obligatory anaerobe obligatory parasitism obligatory reabsorption oblique lateral process oblique layer muscle oblique ligament oblique septum oblique sternals muscle oblique tergals muscle oblique veins obliquity of inlet; pelvic inclination obliquus inferior obliquus set obliquus superior obliquus muscle oblong cell oblongata; medulla oblongata; myelencephalon obplacental fold obsolenscense obstetrician obstetrics obstipantia obstruction obtect pupa obturator obturetor artery; arteria obturatoria obturetor membrane obtuse; obtusus Ocadia sinensis ; Chinese Stripe-necked Turtle; Green-headed turtle occasional parasite occasional regeneration occipital occipital arch occipital bone occipital condyle occipital crest occipital fontanelle occipital foramen; cephalic foramen occipital ganglion occipital lobe occipital pole occipital ring occipital segment occipital sinus occipital suture occipital vertebrae occipitalia; occipital bone; os occipitale occipito-atlantal occipito-axial occipito-central bristle occipito-lateral bristle occipito-orbital bristle occipito-temporal fissure occipito-vertebral artery occiput occlude occlusion occlusor muscle occupational cataract oceanic distribution oceanic era oceanic islands oceanic plankton oceanic province oceanic zone oceano-dromous migration oceanophilous ocellar plate ocellar ridge ocellar triangle Ocellated Six-lined Grass Lizard; Takydromous septentrionalis ocellus (pl. ocelli) ocelot Ochotona Ochotona princeps OCHOTONIDAE ochronosis OCHTERIDAE Ochyrotica concursa (Walsingham); Ochyrotica yanoi Arenberger octanoic acid; caprylic acid octant OCTOCORALLIA OCTOCRALLIA Octodon Octodon degus OCTODONTIDAE octoploid octoploidy OCTOPODA Octopus octose octylalcohol ocular ocular emargination ocular fleck ocular fringe ocular lobe ocular muscle ocular neuromere ocular peduncle ocular plate ocular region ocular segment ocular selerite ocular sheath; periorbit ocular suture ocularium oculiferous OCULINIDAE oculofrontal oculomotor nucleus oculus (pl.oculi) odd chromosome odd-toed hoofed mammals ODOBENIDAE Odobenus Odobenus rosmarus Odocoileus Odocoileus virginianus Odoiporus longicollis (Olivier) ODONATA Odonatspis taurus ODONTASPIDIDAE odontoblast odontobothrion; alveolus dentalis Odontobutis obscura ODONTOCERIDAE ODONTOCETI odontoclast odontogenesis ODONTOGNATHAE Odontognathus odontoid odontoid ligament; ligamentum dentis internum odontoid process ODONTOLACE odontology ODONTOPHOROIDAE Odontopteryx odontorhynchous; lamellirostral Odonus niger odoriferous odoriferous gland OECOPHORIDAE oecotrophobiosis; trophallaxis oedema; edema oedeme mucosum OEDEMERIDAE Oedogonium Oedura castelnaui ; Northern Velvet Gecko Oenochrominae oenocyte Oenothera lamarckiana oesophageal; esophageal oesophageal branch oesophageal bulb oesophageal ganglion oesophageal gland oesophageal groove oesophageal notch oesophageal plexus oesophageal sclerite oesophageal tonsils oesophageal valve oesophageo-cutaneous duct oesophagoal sympathetic nervous system oesophagoblast oesophagus; esophagus oestradiol; estradiol OESTRIDAE oestrin; estrin; estrone; oestrone oestriol; estriol oestrogen; estrogen oestrous; estrous oestrus; estrus offspring-parent regression offspring-parent relationship OGCOCEPHALIDAE Ognorhynchus icterotis oil gland oil immersion oil lubricating tissue Oilbird oilfishes; Baikal oilvospinal tract Okapi Okapia Okapia johnstoni Okazaki fragment old world monkey old-stone age; palaeolithic age olecranon fossa olecranon; olecranon process; elbow oleic acid olein; glycerol olfaction olfactogental dysplasia olfactoreceptor olfactory apparatus olfactory bulb; bulbus olfactorius olfactory capsule olfactory cells olfactory center olfactory epithelium olfactory foramen olfactory gland olfactory lobe olfactory nerve; nervus olfactorius olfactory organ olfactory pit olfactory placode olfactory plate olfactory region olfactory setae olfactory spindle; lobus osphradicus olfactory stalk olfactory striae olfactory tract Oligocene epoch OLIGOCHAETA oligocythaemia oligodendrocyte; oligodendroglia Oligodon formosanus ; Formosa Kukri Snake; Taiwan Leopard Snake Oligodon ornatus Oligodon ornatus musyi Oligodon ornatus ornatus oligodotia oligodynamic action oligogenes oligohydramnion oligolecithal egg Oligolepis acutipinnis oligomenorrhea oligomer oligonephrous oligophagous oligophrenia OLIGOPLEURIDAE oligopod larva oligopod phase oligopyrene sperm oligosaccharides oligosaccharidosis oligospermia OLIGOTIMIDAE OLIGOTRICHA oligotrophic oligotrophic lake oligotropic oliguria oliva; olive body Olive Frog; Rana adenopleura Olive Ridley Sea Turtle; Lepidochelys olivacea oliveaceous; olivaceus olive-cerebellar fiber OLIVIDAE OLYRIDAE omasal omaso-abomasal omasum; psalterium; manyplies ombrophilous plants omental omentum (pl.omenta); mesogastrium; mesogaster omentum majus omentum minus ommateum; compound eye ommatidium (pl.ommatidia) ommatophore omnivores omnivorous omnivorous dentition Omobranchini Omobranchus elongatus Omobranchus fasciolatoceps Omobranchus ferox Omobranchus germaini Omobranchus punctatus omohyoid muscle; musculus omohyoideus omoideum Omomys omosternum OMOSUDIDAE omphalidean trophoblast; o. trophoderm omphaloidean omphalomesenteric omphalomesenteric artery omphalomesenteric sac omphalomesenteric vein omphalomesenteric vessel ONCHODONTIDA onchosphere; hexacanth embryo; six-hooked larva oncogene oncogene-coded growth factor oncometer Oncorhynchus masau Oncorhynchus mykiss Ondatra Ondatra zibethicus one-celled organisms one-sided inheritance one-sided masculine inheritance Onigocia macrolepis Onigocia spinosa ONISCOMORPHA Onogadus ontogenesis; ontogeny ontology; embryology Onuxodon onychia onychitis; onychia onychium Onychodactylus ONYCHODONTIFORMES Onychogalea frenata Onychogalea lunata ONYCHOPHORA ooblastema oocyte ¢¹; primary oocyte; or first oocyte oocyte ¢º; secondary oocyte; or second oocyte oocyte; ovocyte; egg mother cell oocytin ooecium oogamete oogamy oogenesis oogonia oogonial oogonium (pl.oogonia); ovogonium; oogone ookinesis ookinete oolemma OOMYCETES oophore; ovary oophorectomy oophoritis ooplasm oosperm; fertilized egg; impregnated egg cell oosphere; oogamete oosphore; macrospore; megaspore oostegite ootheca ootid ootype; ootypus opah opaleye open circulation open circulatory system open community open dwarf larva open gut; mid gut open population open root open tracheal system operator operator site operccular fold opercle; operculum opercular (n.) opercular aperture opercular apparatus; operculum; gill cover; gill flap opercular chamber; gill chamber opercular gill opercular process operculate operculum (pl.opercula) operon opesia Ophiacodon OPHIACODONTIA OPHICHTHIDAE OPHICHTHYIDAE Ophichthys apicals Ophichthys cephalozona Ophichthys evermanni Ophichthys macrochir Ophichthys urolophus Ophiclinini Ophiderpeton OPHIDIA OPHIDIIDAE OPHIDIIFORMES Ophidion asiro Ophieleotris aporos Ophiocara aporos Ophiocara porocephala OPHIOCEPHALIFORMES Ophiocephalus OPHIOCISTOIDEA Ophiodon Ophiodontinae Ophiomyia centrosematis (de Meijere) Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) Ophiophagus hannah ; King Cobra ophiopluteus Ophiosaurus Ophioscion Ophiothrix fragilis Ophisaurus formosensis Ophisaurus harti Ophisternon OPHIURAE OPHIUROIDEA ophthalmia ophthalmic placode; optic placode ophthalmic segment ophthalmitis ophthalmology ophthalmopathy ophthalmophore; ommatophore ophthalmopod Ophthalmosaurus opiates opioid receptor opioid; endogenous OPISTHOBRANCHIA Opisthocentrini OPISTHOCOELA OPISTHOCOMIDAE OPISTHOCOMIFORMES Opisthocomus hoazin OPISTHOMIDA OPISTHONEMA opisthonephric opisthonephric kidney; opisthonephros opisthonephric teeth opisthonephric tubule opisthonephric vertebrae opisthonephros; opisthonephric kidney OPISTHOPROCTIDAE Opisthopterus tardoore Opisthorchis felineus opisthosoma opisthoticm opisthure opium OPLEGNATHIDAE Oplegnathus fasciatus Oplegnathus punctatus Oplurus cyclurus ; Madagascar Swift opossum opponeus pollicis muscle opportunism opportunistic species oppositional gene opsiblastic opsigenes opsin opsonin opsonization optic; ophthalmic optic axis; optical axis optic cap optic capsule optic chiasma optic disc optic foramen optic ganglion optic lobe optic nerve; nervus opticus optic papilla optic pedicel optic placode optic recess optic rod; rhabdome optic rudiment optic stalk optic tectum optic thalamus optic tract optic ventricle optic vesicle optical axis; optic axis optimum optimum curve optimum humidity optimum pH optimum temperature optocoel ora ciliaris retinae ora colaeopterorum ora serrata orad oral aperture oral area oral arm oral cavity oral cirri oral comb oral contraceptive oral depression oral disc oral evagination oral fossa oral gland oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) oral groove oral hood oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) oral membrane oral nervous system oral papilla oral plate oral pole oral siphon oral sucker oral surface oral valve oralia Orange-belly treefrog; Rhacophorus aurantiventris orangutan orbicularis muscle orbit (orbita) orbital orbital cavity; orbit orbital crest orbital fissure orbital gland; infraorbital gland orbital sinus orbital wing orbito-nasal septum orbito-sphenoid bone orb-spider ORCAELIDAE orchiectomy orchiopexy orchitis orcinol Orcinus orca order ordinary connective tissue Ordovician period Oreamnos Oreamnos americanus ORECTOLOBIDAE Orectolobus japonicus Orectolobus maculatus OREODONTA Oreodontoides Oreodonts OREOSOMATIDAE Orepithecus organ (orgaoun) organ analogue organ field organ forming area organ forming substance organ of Corti organ of Zuckerkandl organ specificity organ system organelle organic compounds organic detritus circuit organic disease organic evolution organic molecules organic reconstruction organic substance organic waste organicism organism organization organization effect organizer organogenesis; organogeny organogeny; organogenesis organogeny; organology organology; organography organotherapy organula orgasm Oriental Cuckoo oriental fauna Oriental Honey-buzzard oriental rat snake oriental realm oriental region Oriental Skylark Oriental Tree-Pipit Oriental Whipsnake; Ahaetulla prasina oriental zone orientation orificium origin of species origin (of a muscle) original description origins of life Orii's mustachioed bat ORIOLIDAE Oriolus chinensis Oriolus traillii Ornate Kukri Snake; Oligodon ornatus ORNEODIDAE ORNITHAE ornithine ornithine cycle ORNITHISCHIA ORNITHODELPHIA ornithology Ornithomimus ORNITHOPODIA Ornithoptera alexandrae ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE Ornithorynchus Ornithorynchus anatinus Ornithosuchus ORNITHURAE ornithuric acid oronasal groove oropharyngeal region oropharyngeal respiration oropharynx orotic acid ORTALIDAE orthoevolution orthogenesis ORTHOGLENIDS orthomutation ORTHONECTIDA ORTHONYCHIDAE orthopedic orthopedics orthophosphate (for hypercalciuria) ORTHOPTERA ORTHORRHAPHA orthoselection orthostatic orthostatic hypotension ORTHURETHRA ORYCTEROPODIDAE Orycteropus Orycteropus afer Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus) Oryctolagus Oryctolagus cuniculus ORYESSIDAE Oryx Oryx dammah Oryx leucoryx Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) oryzanin Oryzias latipes ORYZIATIDAE Oryzomys Oryzomys palustris os (pl. ora; ossa) os costal OSCINIDAE osculant osculum OSMERIDAE OSMEROIDEA osmeterium osmic acid osmiophilic osmiophobic osmium fixation osmo-hemolysis osmolality osmometer osmomorphosis osmoreceptor osmoregulation osmosis osmotaxis osmotic buffering osmotic potential osmotic receptors osmotic resistance osmotic value OSMYLIDAE osphradium OSPHRONEMIDAE Osprey ossein; ostein; bone collagen osseomucoid osseous osseous labyrinth osseous lacrimal canal osseous semicircular canal osseous opiral shelf; o. spiral lamina osseous tissue ossicle; ossiculum ossification ossification center ossm uteri OSTARIOPHYSI OSTEICHTHYES ostein ossein osteitis osteitis deformans osteitis fibrous cystica OSTELOGLOSSOMORPHA osteoarthritis osteoblast osteoblastoma osteocalcin osteoccllagenous fibers osteochondritis osteoclast osteoclast activating factor osteocomma; osteomere osteocyte osteodermis Osteodontornis osteodystrophy osteoectasia osteogenesis osteogenesis imperfecta osteogenesis imperfecta tarda osteogenetic layer osteogenic sarcoma OSTEOGLOSSIDAE OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Osteoglossinae OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA Osteolaemus tetraspis Osteolaomus tetraspis ; African Dwarf Crocodile OSTEOLEPIDA OSTEOLEPIMORPHA OSTEOLEPIS osteology osteolysis osteolytic osteoma osteomalacia osteomere; osteocomma osteonectin osteons osteopenia osteopetrosis osteoplastic osteopoikilosis osteoporosis osteoporosis circumscripta osteosclersis osteoscute OSTEOSTRACI; CEPHALASPIDA ostia¡]pl. ostium) ostium Ostichthys japonicus ostiole OSTOMIDAE OSTRACIIDAE OSTRACIOIDEA Ostracion cubicus Ostracion immaculatus Ostracion meleagris Ostracion tuberculatus OSTRACIONTIDAE OSTRACODA OSTRACODERMI Ostracoderms Ostrea OSTREAIDEA OSTREIDAE OSTREINA Ostreinae Ostrich OTARIIDAE OTHNIIDAE OTHOPTERA otic otic bulla otic capsule otic labyrinth otic notch otic pit otic placode otic vesicle OTIDIDAE OTITIDAE otoconium (pl.otoconia) otocrypt otocyst otolith Otolithes puber otolithic membrane Otomys Otomys irroratus oto-occipital bone OTOPHYSI otosalpinx; tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube OTOZOA otter Otus elegans botelensis Otus lettia Otus spilocephalus Oulema oryzae (Kuwayama); Lema oryzae Kuwayama out-breeding outcrossing; out-breeding outer ear outer factor outer hair cell outer indusium outer limiting membrane outer margin outer nuclear (granular) layer outer reticular (plexiform or molecular) layer outer tubule (mesonephros) outer zone (metanephros) outlet of pelvis ova (pl. ovum) oval window; fenestra ovali ovalbbumin; egg albumin ovarian ovarian agenesis ovarian bursa ovarian cavity ovarian cycle ovarian cyst ovarian dysgenesis ovarian failure ovarian fimbria ovarian follicle ovarian hyperthecosis ovarian pregnancy ovarian segment ovarian tube ovarian tumor ovariectomy; ovariotmy ovariole ovariotestis ovariotomy; ovariectomy ovarist; ovist ovarium (pl.ovaria) ovarium mound ovary Ovibos Ovibos moschatus over population over specialization overdominance overdominant overgrowth overhair overlapping genes overtones ovicell oviducal oviduct oviduct funnel oviferous; ovigerous oviform; oval oviger ovigerous; oviferous ovigerous cord ovigerous leg ovigerous tube ovijector ovipara oviparity oviparous oviparous animal; ovipara oviparous organisms oviparous quadrupeds oviposition ovipositor Ovis Ovis ammon Ovis ammon hadgsoni Ovis canadensis Ovis orientalis ophion Ovis vignei ovisac; graafian follicle ovist ovarist ovocyst; oocyst ovocyte; oocyte ovogenesis ovoglobulin ovology; oology ovomucin ovomucoid ovophile groip; ovophile side chain Ovophis monticola makazayazaya ;Chinese Mountain Pit Viper ovoplasm; ooplasm ovotestes ovotestis; ovariotestis ovotid ovovitellin ovovivipara ovo-viviparity ovoviviparous ovo-viviparous animal; ovovivipara ovulation ovulation stage ovule OVULIDAE ovum (pl.ova) Owl oxalate oxalated blood oxalic acid oxaloacetate oxaloacetic acid oxalonitrile; cyanogen oxalosuccinic acid oxaluric acid oxidation oxidation-reduction potential oxidation-reduction reaction oxidation-reduction; oxidoreduction oxidative phosphorylation OXYAENOIDEA oxychromatin Oxyconger leptognathus Oxyeleotis marmorata oxygen consumption oxygen debt oxygen dissociation curve oxygen effect oxygen poisoning oxygen tension oxygenated blood oxygenation oxyhaemglobin oxyhaemocyanin oxynervone oxynervonic acid oxyntic cells oxyntomodulin oxyphil cells oxyphilic oxypolygelatin Oxyporhamphus micropterus micropterus OXYRUNCIDAE oxysteroids oxytocin; pitocin oxyuriasis; oxyuriosis Oxyurichthys papuensis oyster; ostrea Oyster Catcher; Tree Runner; Plica plica Oystercatchers ozena ozone ozonide ozonium ozonophore Ozotoceros bezoarticus P. A. B. A.; (para-aminobenzoic acid) Pacchionian body; arachnoid granulations pacemaker (of heart) pachycephalis PACHYCEPHALIDAE pachydermoperiostosis pachymeningitis pachymeninx; dura mater pachynema Pachyosa perplexa Pascoe; Mesosa perplexa (Pascoe) pachytene pachytene stage Pacific Reef-Heron Pacinian body; Pacinian corpuscle pacus Padda oryzivora paddlefishes PADIPALPI pads paedogamy paedogenesis paedogenetic paedogenetic parthenogenesis paedogenetic pupae paedomorphosis PAGASIFORMES Pagrus major Paguma Paguma larvat pain spot Painted Dwarf Gecko; Lygodactylus picturatus Painted Snipe pair bonds paired appendages paired fins paired limbs pairing segment PALAEACANTHASPIDAE PALAEACANTHOCEPHALA PALAEANODONTA palaearctic fauna palaearctic realm palaearctic region palaearctic zone PALAEOBATRACHIDAE palaeobiology palaeobotany Palaeocene epoch palaeocerebellum palaeocortex palaeocranium palaeodendrology PALAEODICTYOPTERA PALAEODONTA palaeoecology PALAEOGNATHAE palaeognathous palaeognathous birds Palaeogyrinus PALAEOHETERODONTA Palaeolithic age; old stone age Palaeomastodon Palaeomeryx PALAEONISCIFORMES Palaeoniscoid fish PALAEONISCOIDEA PALAEONISCOIDEI palaeontology palaeopallium palaeophytology;palaeobotany Palaeopoda PALAEOPTERA PALAEOPTERYGH PALAEOPTERYGII PALAEOSIMIA PALAEOSPONDYLOIDEA Palaeostegalia palaeostoma palaeostriatum Palaeostylops PALAEOTAXODONTA Palaeotheres Palaeotherium palaeotropical realm Palaeoxoic era palaeozoology palama PALAURIDAE pale little spotted civet Paleocene epoch PALEONEMERTINI PALEONISCOIDEI paleontology Paleoparadoxia palindrome; genetic palingenesis palingenetic palingenetic metamorphosis palingenetic regeneration palingenetic stage pallet (=pallete) pallial pallial budding pallial commissure pallial eye pallial groove pallial impression pallial line pallial sinus pallial siphuncle pallium (pl.pallia) palm (sing. palma) palm print palmar palmar branch; metacarpal nerve palmar carpal ligament palmar metacarpal artery palmaria palmate palmate fold palmate foot palmitic palmitic acid palmitin palmitoleic acid Palorus ratzeburgi Wissmann palp palpus palpal lobe palpation palpebra inferior palpebra superior palpebral palpebral conjunctiva palpebral fissure; lid slit palpebral sebum palpera (palpevrae) palpiger PALPIGRADI palps palpus (pl.palpi); palp palsy; palalysis p-amino-benzoic-acid Pampus argenteus Pampus chinensis panaritium Pan paniscus Pan troglodytes panchax pancreas pancreas acini pancreas congenital anomalies pancreatic pancreatic bladder pancreatic calculi pancreatic cell pancreatic duct pancreatic island; islets of Langerhans pancreatic juice pancreatico-duodenal pancreatico-mesenteric panda; bearcat PANDAROIDAE pandemic disease PANDERICHTHYIDAE Pandion haliaetus PANDIONIDAE Pangasianodon gigas PANGASIIDAE pangen pangenesis pangolins panhypopituitarism panmiotic population panmixia; panmixis; random mating panniculus (pl.panniculi) panniculus adiposus panniculus carnosus pannus panoistic type Panoplosaurus PANORPIDAE Pantheinae Panthera Panthera leo Panthera leo persica Panthera onca Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Panthera uncia pantherine Pantholops hodgsoni PANTODONTA PANTODONTA AMBLYPODA PANTODONTIDAE Pantolambda pantophagous pantoplankton PANTOPODA; PYCNOGONIDA PANTOSTOMIDA; RHIZOMASTIGINA pantothemic acid PANTOTHERIA; TRITUBERCULATA papaverine paper chromatography Papilio Papilio chikae Papilio demoleus Linnaeus Papilio homerus Papilio hospiton PAPILIONIDAE papilla papilla (pl.papillae) papillae papillary papillary carcinoma papillary cone papillary cystadenoma papillary layer papillary muscle Papio Papio anubis Papio leucophaeus Papio sphinx Pappotherium papyraceous plate para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) parabasal bone parabasal spine Parabathymyrus macrophthalmus parabionts parabiosis parabiotic inhibition Parabothus chlorospilus parabranchium parabronchi Paracaesio caeruleus Paracaesio kusakarii Paracaesio xanthurus PARACANTHOPTERYGII Paracanthurus hepatus paracasein paracentric inversion PARACENTROPHORIDAE paracentrum Parachaeturichthys polynema Paracheilognathus himantegus parachordal parachordal cartilage parachordal plate Paracirrhitus arcatus Paracirrhitus forsteni paracline Paracloxornis paradoxa paracme¡F parcmasis paracone paraconid paracrine paradesm; paradesmus paradidymis PARADIRETMIDAE PARADISAEIDAE paradisefishes paradoxical paradoxical bone; prevomer paradoxical cold sensation paradoxical phase Paradoxides Paradoxornis webbianus PARADOXORNITHIDAE paraendocrine tumor paraflocculus parafollicular cell Paragalaxias dissimilis paraganglioma paraganglion paragaster; paragastric cavity paragastric cavity; paragaster paragastrula paraglossa Paraglyphidodon melas Paraglyphidodon nigrosis Paraglyphidodon xanthurus paragnatha paragonimiasis Paragonimus westermani Parahyaena Parahyaena brunnea parahypophysis parallel evolution; parallelism parallel induction parallel mutation parallel variation parallelism; parallel evolution PARALLELODONTIDAE Paraluteres prionurus paralysis agitants; shaking palsy paralysis; palsy paramastoid process PARAMECIIDAE paramecin Paramecium Paramecium caudatum PARAMECOPTERA paramere parametritis parametrium paramitome; paramitom Paramonacanthus nipponensis Paramonacanthus oblongus paramylon; paramylum PARAMYTHIIDAE Paramyxine cheni Paramyxine taiwane Paramyxine yangi paranasal sinus paranemic coil Paranthropus paranucleolus paranucleus paraoesophageal connective; paraesophageal connective paraoophoron; paroophoron paraphiliac syndrome paraphysis (pl.paraphyses) parapineal organ; parapinealis Parapithecus Paraplagusia bilineata Paraplagusia blochi Paraplagusia japonica paraplasm PARAPLESIOBATIDAE parapodia parapodium (pl.parapodia) parapophysis Parapriacanthus ransonneti Parapristipoma trilineatum paraproct PARAPSIDA parapsidal groove parapsis (pl.parapsides) parapteron (pl.paraptera) parapulvillus Parasaurolophus Parascaris equorum Parascolopsis eriomma parascutulis (pl.parascutules) PARASELACHIMORPHA parasella PARASEMIONOTIDAE paraseptum cartilage parasexual recombination Parasilurus asotus parasite parasitic castration parasitic disease parasitic life parasitic nutrition parasitism parasitoid parasitoidism parasitology parasphenoid parasphenoid bone parasphenoid vacuity parasternum parastyloideum parasympathetic center parasympathetic nerve parasympathetic nerve fiber parasympathetic nervous system parasympathin parasynapsis; parasyndesis parathion parathyrin; parathormone parathyroid parathyroid gland parathyroid hormone (PTH) parathyroid hormone fragment parathyroidectomy Paratrachichthys prosthemius Paratriacanthodes retrospinis paratrophic paratype paratyphoid fever paraurethral glands paraventricular nucleus PARAXONIA PARAZENIDAE PARAZOA Pardachirus pavoninus PARDALOTIDAE Pardofelis marmorata Pareas formosensis ; Formosa Slug Snake Pareas komaii Pareiasaurs Pareiasaurus PAREINAE parencephalon Parenchelyurus Parenchelyurus hepburni parenchyma parenchymatous parenchymatous cartilage parenchymatous syphilis parenchyme of testis parenchymula parental care parental combination parental diatype parental diatype tetard parental generation parenteral parenteral absorption parenteral nutrition parent-offspring parent-offspring correlation parent-offspring mating parepue of penis; praeputium penis parethmoid Parexocoetus brachypterus brachypterus Parexus Parlatoria pergandei Comstock Parlatoria proteus (Curtis) Parlatoria zizyphis (Cucas) PARIDAE paries parietal parietal bone; os parietale parietal border parietal branch parietal cells parietal crest parietal eye parietal foramen parietal fossa parietal lamina parietal layer parietal lobe parietal mesoderm parietal muscle parietal organ; pineal gland; pineal organ; pineal body parietal pericardium parietal peritoneum; serosa parietal placenta parietal pleura parietal recess parietal thrombus parietal tubercle parieto-occipital suture parieto-temporal canal parieto-vaginal muscles Parioglossus taeniatus Parlatoria pergandei Comstock Parlatoria proteus (Curtis) Parlatoria zizyphis (Cucas) PARNDIAE Paroaria capitata Paroaria coronata paroccipital process Paroedura pictus ; Madagascar Ground Gecko parolfactory area paroophoron; paraoophoron paroted plexus parotic parotic crest parotic process parotid parotid duct parotid gland parovarial canal parovarium paroxysmal tachycardia PARRIDAE Parrot parrot fever virus parrotfishes pars parthenogenesis parthenogenetic parthenogenetic egg parthenogenetic female parthenogenetic generation parthenogenetic merogony parthenogenetic paedogenesis parthenogonidium (pl.parthenogonidia) parthenokaryogamy parthenomixis parthenospore partial adaptation partial agglutination partial agonist partial amphidiploid partial chiasmatype partial conjugation partial dominance partial fertilization partial regeneration partial segmentation; partial cleavage partial sex-linkage particulate theory parturition parturition center PARULIDAE Parupeneus barberinoides Parupeneus barberinus Parupeneus bifasciatus Parupeneus ciliatus Parupeneus cyclostomus Parupeneus fraterculus Parupeneus indicus Parupeneus trifasciatus Parupygus Parus holsti Parus monticolus Parus varius PAS (para-aminosalicy lic acid) PASSARIDAE Passer montanus PASSERES ANISOMYODAE PASSERES DIACROMYODAE PASSERIFORMES Passerine passive adaptation passive carrier passive immunity passive migration passive transport pastern bone pastern joint Pasteurelle pasteurization patagial muscle patagium (pl.patagia) Patanga succincta (Linnaeus) patella (pl.patellae) patellar patellar ligament patellar reflex Patellidae PATELLINA Patelloidea paternal inheritance pathogen pathogenic pathogenic bacteria pathogenic fungi pathogenic micro-organism pathogenic organism pathogenicity pathology patriclinous Patriocetes Patriomanis PAUCITUBERCULATA paunch; rumen Paurocephala psylloptera Grawford paurometabola; manometabola PAUROPODA PAUSSIDAE pavement epithelium Pavo cristatus Pavo muticus paxilla peadogenetic larva Pealius mori (Takahashi); Trialeurodes mori Takahashi pearl oyster pearleyes pearlfishes peat peccary pecking orders pecorans pecten pecten of pubis; pecten ossis pubis pectin; pectinum pectinate ligament (iris) pectineal process pectines pectineus muscle PECTINIDAE PECTINIIDAE PECTINOIDAE Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) pectoral pectoral appendage pectoral arch pectoral fin pectoral girdle; shoulder girdle pectoral lobe pectoral mammae pectoral plate pectoral scute pectoralis muscle pectoral-pelvic mamae; complete mammae pectoriloquy pedal pedal disc pedal ganglion (pl. pedal ganglia) pedal gland pedal nerve pedal plate Pedetes Pedetes capensis PEDETIDAE pedicel pedicellaria (pl.pedicellariae) pedicle PEDICULIDAE pedigree pedigree chart pedigree selection PEDILIDAE PEDIONOMIDAE PEDIPALPI pedipalps pedipalpus (pl.pedipalpi) peduncle; pedunculus pedunculus cerebri; cerebral peduncle pedunculus corporis callosi pedunculus ophthalmicus pedunculus thalami basialis pedunculus; peduncle PEGASIDAE Pegasus valitans Peking man pelagic animal pelagic community pelagic deposites pelagic division pelagic eggs pelagic group pelagic life pelagic organisms pelagic zone Pelagie Sea Snake; Pelamis platurus PELATOPLEURIFORMES Pelatse quadrilineatus PELECANIDAE PELECANIFORMES PELECANOIDIDAE PELECYPODA; LAMELLIBRANCHIATA Pelican pellagra pellicle; pellicula Pellona Pellona ditchela Pellonula Pelmatochromis PELMATOZOA Pelobates PELOBATIDAE PELOBIIDAE Pelochelys bibroni ; Asian Giant Softshell Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis ; Chinese Softshell Turtle PELODYTIDAE PELOMEDUSIDAE pelvic pelvic appendages pelvic arch pelvic cavity pelvic fin; ventral fin pelvic flexure; flexura pelvina pelvic girdle pelvic inclination; obliquity of inlet; inclination of pelvis pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) pelvic nerve pelvic plate pelvic plexus pelvic symphysis pelvic vein pelvis (pl.pelves) pelvis renalis; renal pelvis PELYCOSAURIA PEMPHERIDAE PEMPHERIDIDAE Pempheris japonica Pempheris vanicolensis pemphigus Pencilfishes penda pendular movement Penduline Tit penellipse penetrance penetrating power penetration path; entrance path Penguin penial seta penicillin Penicillium Penicillium notatum penicillus penile prosthesis penis (pl.penes) penis bone pennae; contour feather pennate muscle; musculus pennatus Pennsylvanian period Pentaceratops PENTACEROTIDAE pentacrinoideus; pentacrinoid larva; larval stage of feather-star pentactin pentacula stage pentadactyl pentadactyl limbs pentaloid ambulacra pentalophodon pentamethylene diamine; cadaverine Pentaolonia nigronervosa Conquerel pentaploid pentaploidy Pentaprion longimanus pentasternum PENTASTOMIDA pentatominae pentose pentose nucleic acid peorine Peponocephala electra peptic ulcer peptone peptonephridia PERAMELEMORPHIA Perameles bougainville PERAMELIDAE Peranema perches perching birds PERCICHTHYIDAE PERCIDAE PERCIFORMES Percini PERCOIDAE Percomorpha PERCOMORPHI PERCOPHIDIDAE PERCOPSIDAE PERCOPSIFORMES Percopsis PERCORSIDAE percussion Peregrine Falcon pereiopods Perennibranchiata perennibranchiate pereoin perfect joint perfect stage perforated layer of sclerae; lamina cribrosa sclerae perforated ulcer perforating tarsal artery perforating tarsal vein perforatorium; acosome; apical body peri-anal ciliary ring; peri-anal circlet periarticular ligament periblast periblastula peribranchial chamber; peribranchialis; atrium pericardiac; pleura pericardiaco-phrenic ligament pericardial pericardial cartilage pericardial cavity; p. sac pericardial cell pericardial chamber pericardial fluid; liquor pericardi pericardial sinus pericardiotomy pericardium pericentric inversion perichondral perichondral bone perichondral ossification perichondrium perichordal perichordal centrum; arch centrum perichordal mesenchyme perichordal tube pericranium Pericrocotus solaris pericytes periderm peridural space perigastrium coelomic cavity; splanchnocoel perigastrium; body cavity; coelom perigonadial coelom perihaemal canal perihaemal coelon perihaemal rudiment perihaemal system perihemal perikaryon perilymphatic perilymphatic cistern perilymphatic fenestra perilymphatic formation perilymphatic space perilympy; perilympha perimeningeal space perimeter perimetritis; esometritis perimetrium perimysium perinaeum; perineum perineal perineal fascia perineal septum perineoscrotal hypospadias perineuritis perineurium period periodic periodic carriers periodic cicada periodic dispersal periodic migration periodic selection Periophthalmus cantonensis peri-oral band; peri-oral ciliated band periorbit; periorbita periosteal periosteal ossifacation periosteum alveolare periosteum; peristeum periostracum periotic periotic space Periparus ater Peripatus peripharyngeal chamber peripheral peripheral branches peripheral ganglion peripheral nervous system peripheral neuropathy peripheral polyneuropathy peripheral resistance peripheral sensory nervous system Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) periphyton periplacental fold Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) peripneustic peripodal peripodal cavity peripodal membrane periproct; telson perisarc periscleral perisome PERISSODACTYLA peristalsis peristaltic rush peristome peristomial mesoderm peristomium; peristome peritoneal cavity; cavum peritonaei peritoneal envelope peritoneal funnels peritoneal membrane peritoneum peritoneum parietale peritoneum viscerale peritonitis PERITRECHA peritreme perivitelline perivitelline cavity perivitelline membrane perivitelline space PERLEIDIFORMES permafrost permanent permenent dentition permanent heterozygote permanent host permanent hybrid permanent kidney permanent pharynx permanent plankton permanent teeth permanent tissue permeability permeable Permian period pernicious anemia pernio; chilblain Pernis ptilorhyncus Perodicticus Perodicticus potto Peromela Peromyscus Peromyscus maniculatus peroneal peroneal atrophy peroneal cutaneous nerve Peroryctes Peroryctes nasuta Peroryctes raffrayanus PERORYCTIDAE perpendicular perpendicular plate perpendicular portion perpendicular type per-radial tentacle per-radius persistence rate persistent persistent existence persistent pulps personate perspiration pertussis Pervagor melanocephalus pes pessulus pest pestox 3; OMPA PETALICHTHUFORMES PETALICHTHYIDA PETALICHTHYOMORPHA PETALODONTIDAE PETALODONTIFORMES PETAPODIDAE petasma PETATOMIDAE PETAURIDAE Petaurista Petaurista alborufus Petaurista philippensis (Petaurista petaurista grandis) Petaurus Petaurus breviceps petechia petiolus castilaginis epiglottidis petrel petrifaction petrifide forest PETRIOOLIDAE Petrogale Petrogale penicillata PETROICIDAE petroleum PETROMURIDAE Petromus Petromus typicus PETROMYZONES PETROMYZONIDAE PETROMYZONTIA PETROMYZONTIDAE PETROMYZONTIFORMES petrosal Petroscirtes brevicpeps Petroscirtes springeri petrotympanic fissure petrous temporal bone PEUCEDRAMIDAE Pezoporus occidentalis Pezoporus wallicus PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) pH pH determination pH gradient pH meter pH sensitive mutant pH value phacnogenetics; phenogenetics Phacochoerus Phacochoerus aethiopicus phage phagocyte phagocytosis phagosome PHALACROCORACIDAE Phalanger maculatus Phalanger orientalis PHALANGERIDAE PHALANGERIDAE PHALANGEROIDEA phalangers phalanges (pl. phalanx) PHALANGIDA Phalangium phalango-seasamoidean ligament; ligamentum phalangeo-seasamoideum phalanx (pl.phalanges) phalanx prima phalanx tertia phalanx ungual Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Phalera flavescens (Bremer et Grey) phallic organ PHALLOSTETHIDA; PHALLOSTETHIFORMES PHALLOSTETHIDAE PHALLOSTETHOIDEA phallus Phaner furcifer PHANEROGLOSSA PHANEROPLEURIFORMES PHANERORHYNCHIFORMES phantom pregnancy; pseudopregnancy; spurious pregnancy phaoplankton PHARMACICHTHYIDAE pharmacology pharyngeal pharyngeal aponeurosis pharyngeal cavity pharyngeal duct pharyngeal fascia pharyngeal ganglion pharyngeal gland pharyngeal isthmus pharyngeal jaw pharyngeal lymph gland pharyngeal pouches; p. pocket pharyngeal pump pharyngeal recess pharyngeal sclerite pharyngeal skeleton pharyngeal sucking tube pharyngeal teeth pharyngeal tonsilis pharyngobranchials PHARYNGOGNATHIDA pharyngo-oesophageal system pharynx (pl.pharynges) PHASMIDA PHASMIDAE PHASCOLARCTIDAE Phascolarctos Phascolosoma japonicum phase phase contrast microscope phase variation PHASIANIDAE Phasianus colchicus phasmid PHASMIDAE PHASMIDEA PHAXMIDA Pheasant-tailed Jacana PHEATHONTIDAE phelgmon Phelsuma cepediana ; Blue-tail Day Gecko Phenablenniini Phenacodus PHENEROZOMIA phenetics PHENGODIDAE phengoophobe phengophil phenocopy phenogenetic correlation phenogenetics; phaenogenetics phenogram phenol phenological isolation phenology; phenomenology phenotype phenotypic phenotypic combination phenotypic deviant; phenodeviant phenotypic intersex phenotypic lag; phenomic lag phenotypic male phenotypic mixing phenotypic stability phenotypic value phenylalanine phenylketonuria phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic idiocy phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) phenytoin pheochromocytoma Phineura floridana ; Florida Worm Lizard PHINEURIDAE; Florida Worm Lizard Pheretima asiatica pheromone Philadelphia chromosome PHILEPITTIDAE PHILINIDAE PHILINOIDEA Philomachus pugnax PHILOPOTAMIDAE PHILOPTERIDAE philtrum; philthrum Philypnodon phimosis Phiomia PHIPIPTERA; STREPSIPTERA Phlacrocorax carbo PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE phlebitis PHLEBOLEPIDAE Phlebotomus; sandflies phlebotomy; venotomy phleegmatic temperament Phllascopus coronatus coronatus PHLOEOTHRIPIDAE phlogiston theory PHLYCTAENIIDAE phobia Phobosuchus phobotaxis Phoca groenlandica Phoca vitulina PHOCIDAE PHOCOENIDAE PHOENICOPTERIDAE PHOENICOPTERIFORMES PHOENICULIDAE Phoenicurus fuliginosus PHOLADIDAE PHOLADINA PHOLADOIDEA PHOLADOMYIDA PHOLADOMYOIDA PHOLDAE PHOLIDICHTHYIDAE PHOLIDIDAE Pholidogaster PHOLIDOPHORIFORMES PHOLIDOPHOROIDEA PHOLIDOPLEURIFORMES Pholidosaurus PHOLIDOTA PHOLODINA phonoreceptor phorbol ester phosphagen; phosphocreatine phosphate phosphate ion phosphatedes; phospholipids phosphocrcatine (PC); phosphagen; creatine phosphate phosphodiester bonds phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) phosphoglycerate phosphoglyceric acid phosphoinositide phospholipid phospholipid sheath phospholipid; phosphatids phosphoproteins phosphorescence phosphorescent organ phosphoric acid phosphorin phosphorus phosphorus cycle phosphorylation reactions photic photic hypersensitiveness photic hyposensitiveness photic stimulus photic zone PHOTICHTHYIDAE PHOTICHTHYOIDEA PHOTINAE (=COMINELLINAE) photoceptor; photoreceptor photo-chemical reaction photodinesis photodynamic sensitization photoelectric charge photoelectric effect photogen layer photogenic organ photoinduction photokinesis photolysis photon photoperiod photoperiodism photophilous photophobia photophobic; phengophobe photophore photopia photopic vision photopsin photoreactivation photoreactivation in DNA repair photoreceptor; photoceptor photorespiration photosensitivation photosensitive neurons photospheres photosynthesis photosynthetic photosynthetic autotrophs photosynthetic heterotrophs photosynthetic zone photosystems phototaxis phototrophs phototropism Phoxocampus belcheri PHRACTAMPHIBIA PHRACTOLAEMIDAE phrenic phrenic nerve phrenic vein phrenico-abdominal artery phrenico-costal sinus phrenitis phrenosin; cerebron PHRIDAE PHRYGANEIDAE Phrynocephalus Phrynosoma cornatum ; Texas Horned Lizards Phrynosoma solare ; Regal Horned Lizard PHRYNOMERIDAE Phrynosoma coronatum PHTHINOSUCHIA Phthinosuchus PHTHIRAPTERA PHTHIRIIDAE phthisaner phthisergate phthisis phthisogyne Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) Phtoonectes albipennis phyla PHYLACTOLAEMATA phyletic evolution phyllidium (pl.phyllidia); bothridium Phyllobates Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton Phyllolepidal PHYLLOLEPIFORMES Phyllophorina kotoshoensis Shiraki PHYLLOPODA Phyllopteryx Phyllosoma stage phyllosoma; nanpliosome PHYLLOSPONDYLII phyllospondylous vertebra PHYLLOSTOMIDAE Phyllostomus Phyllostomus hastatus Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) Phylloxera Phylloxera clevastatrix Pergande PHYLLOXERIDAE Phyllurus cornutus ; Northern Leaf-tail Gecko phylogenetic histology phylogenetic morphology phylogenetic system phylogenetic tree phylogeny; phylogenesis phylum (pl.phyla) PHYMATIDAE Phyrnosoma Physalia pelagica PHYSANOPTERA Physarum physical physical barrier physical basis of life physical color physical control physical environment physical injury Physiculus japonicus Physiculus maximowiczi Physignathus concincinus ; Green Water Dragon; Water Dragon physiognomy physiologic physiologic anatomy physiologic atrophy physiologic equilibrium physiologic gradient physiologic homeostasis physiologic hypertrophy physiologic regeneration physiological physiological acidity physiological balance solution physiological chemistry physiological combustion value physiological differentiation physiological ecology physiological electrotonus physiological potency physiological salt solution physiological strain (or race) physiological synecology physiological zero physiology PHYSOCLISTI physoclistous physogastry physoilogical genetics PHYSOPHORIEA; PHYSOPODA PHYSOSTOMI physotomous Physeter macrocephalus PHYSETERIDAE phytic acid phytobiology phytochrome phytol PHYTOMASTIGINA phytophaga phytophagous phytophilous phytophthora phytoplankton phytosaprophagous PHYTOSAURIA Phytosaurs Phytosaurus phytosterol PHYTOTOMIDAE phytotoxicity pia mater pia mater encephali pia mater spinalis pia-arachnoid membrane Piabucina pica Pica pica PICIDAE PICIFORMES pickerel picric acid Pictiblennius yatabei piercing-sucking type PIERIDAE Pieris Pieris canidia sodida Butler Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduvol PIESMIDAE Pigeon pigfishes pigment pigment cell; chromatophore; chromatocyte; chromocyte pigment cup pigment epithelium pigment granules pigment layer pigment spot pigmentation pigmented tissue Pigmy Leaf Chameleon; Minute Leaf Chameleon; Brookesia minima pigmy male; complementary male; dwarf male Pigmy Spinytail Skink; Egernia depressa Pig-nosed Turtle; Carettochelys insculpta PIH; prolactin-inhibiting factor PIIALAENIDAE pika pike characids pike cichlids pike congers Pikea japonica Pikea latifasciata pikehead pikes pilar of rumen; pilae ruminis piles; hemorrhoids pili (pl.pilus) pilidium (larva) pilifer piliferous; piligerous piliform pilis simplices pill; contraceptive pill; birth-control pilomotor nerve Pilosans Piltdown forgery PIMELODIDAE pin feather; hair feather pinacocytes pinaculum pincers pineal pineal body; p. gland; p. organ pineal eye pineal gland pineal organ pineal recess pinecone fishes PINIPEDIA pink boll-worm pinna (pl.pinnae) pinna abdominalis; ventral fin; pelvic fin pinna analis; anal fin pinna caudalis; caudal fin pinna dorsalis; dorsal fin pinna pectoralis; pectoral fin pinnae Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret) Pinnaspis theae (Maskell) pinnate PINNIDAE PINNIPEDIA PINNOIDEA pinnule pinocyte pinocytosis Pintail pinworm pioneer organism Pipa dorsigera Pipa pipa pipefishes PIPIDAE Pipistrellus Pipistrellus abramus Pipistrellus pipistrellus PIPRIDAE PIPUNCULIDAE piranhas pirarucu piriform piriform lobes piriform recess piriformis muscle PISCES piscicolous pisciculture pisciform piscivorous pisiform bone; os pisiforme Pisodonophis boro Pisodonophis cancrivorus pit pit like invagnation pit organ Pitarinae pith Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus erectus Pithecia Pithecia pithecia Pithecophaga jefferyi pitressin; vasopressin Pitta brachyura PITTIDAE pituitary pituitary adenoma pituitary apoplexy pituitary body; hypophysis pituitary coma pituitary complex pituitary crisis pituitary diabetes insipidus pituitary foramen pituitary fossa pituitary gland pituitary hypogonadism pituitary hypothyroidism pituitary isolation syndrome pituitary necrosis pituitary neoplasm pituitary pouch pituitary stalk pituitary suppression pituitary-gonadal axis pituitrin; hypophysin PITYRIASEIDAE pivot joint placebo placenta placental placental blood placental circulation placental fold placental hormones placental infection placental lactogen placental mammals; EUTHERIA; PLACENTALIA placental respiration placental septa placental sinus placental villus PLACENTALIA; EUTHERIA; placental mammals placentate placentation placentiferous; placentate placochelys placode PLACODERMI PLACODONTIA Placodus placoid scale placoid sensilla placula PLAGIOCLENIDS plagioclimax plagiogeotropism plagiopatagium Plagiopholis styani plagiophototropism Plagiopsetta glossa PLAGIOSAURIA Plagiosaurs plagiosere PLAGIOSTOMI Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos Plagiotremus tapeinosoma plagiotrian plagiotropism plague; black death plaice Planaria PLANAXIDAE PLANCTOPHAEROIDEA PLANCTOSPHAEROIDEA planges planktology plankton Planococcus citri (Risso) Planococoides chiponensis (Takahashi); Pseudococcus chiponesis Takahashi plant growth regulator plant quarantine planta (pl.plantae) plantar plantar lymph sac plantar surface plantigrade plantula planula PLANULOIDEA planum planum nuchale planum parietale planum popliteum plaque plasma bridge plasma cells plasma clearance plasma membrane plasma proteins plasma renin activity (PRA) plasma sanguinis plasma; plasm plasmagel plasmagene plasmalemma; plasmolemma plasmapheresis plasmasol plasmatrophoderm; plasmotrophoderm; syncytiotroohoderm plasmic envelope plasmid plasmin; fibrolysin plasmodesmus (pl.plasmodesmata) plasmodial slime molds plasmoditrophoblast; plasmotrophoderm; syncytiotrophoderm plasmodium Plasmodium PLASMODROMA plasmogamy plasmolysis plasmon plasmoptysis plasmosome plasmotomy plastein plastic plastic induration plastic phenomena plastic substance plastic surgery plasticity plasticity adaptive plastid plastid inheritance plastid mutation PLASTOCERIDAE plastochondrium (pl.plastochondria); mitochondria plastocont; chondriocont plastogamy plastogenes plastosome; mitochondria plastron Platalea leucorodia Platalea minor Platanista gangetica Platanista platecarpus PLATANISTIDAE Platax orbicularis Platax pinnatus Platax teira plate (s) platelet-derived growth factor platelets platybasic cranium Platycephalus indicus platycoelous vertebra PLATYCOPA Platycrinites PLATYCTENEA PLATYDACTYLA PLATYELMIA; PLATYHELMINTHES platyfish Platygonus PLATYHELMINTHES Platyplacopus kuehnei Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius) PLATYPSYLLIDAE Platypus platyrabic Platyrhina sinensis platyrrhines PLATYRRHINA platysma; flat muscle PLATYSOMIDAE PLATYSTEIRIDAE PLATYSTERNIDAE Platysternon megacephalum ; Big-headed Turtle £]-pleated sheet PLECOGLOSSIDAE PLECOPTERA PLECTOGLOSSIDAE PLECTOGNATHI PLECTOGNATHIDA; TETRAODONTIFORMES Plectorhinchus cinctus Plectorhinchus diagrammus Plectorhinchus gibbosus Plectorhinchus niger Plectorhinchus orientalis Plectorhinchus pictus Plectranthias japonicus Plectroglyphidodon dickii Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Plectroglyphidodon leucozona Plectropomus leopardus plectrum pleiotropism pleiotropy; pleiotropism Pleistocene epoch pleodont teeth pleopod plerocercoid plerocerous pleruitis; pleruisy PLESIADAPOIDAE Plesianthropus PLESIOPIDAE Plesiops coeruleolineatus Plesiops corallicola PLESIOSAURIA Plesiosaurs Plethobasus cicatricosus Plethobasus cooperianus Plethodon cinereus Plethodontid salamanders PLETHODONTIDAE plethora plethysmography PLEURACANTHODII PLEURACANTHODII; ICHTHYOTOMI pleural pleural coxal process pleural ganglia pleural membrane pleural muscle pleural reflection pleural region pleural rib pleural sac; pleural cavity pleural sclerites pleural wing process; pleural process pleurapophysis pleurethmoid ¡]bone); lateral ethmoid pleurisy; pleuritis pleurite Pleurobema plenum pleuroccipital (bone) pleurocentrum pleuroderma PLEURODIRA pleurodont pleuron; pleura Pleuronectes platessa PLEURONECTIDAE PLEURONECTIFORMES Pleuronectini PLEURONEXTOIDEI Pleuronichthys cornutus pleuropedal muscle pleuropericardial membrane pleuroperitoneal pleuroperitoneal cavity pleuroperitoneum; pleuroperitoneal membrane pleuropneumonia pleurosphenoid; spheno-lateral pleurosteron PLEUROTOMARIIDAE PLEUROTOMARIOIDEA PLEUROTREMATA PLEXAURIDAE plexiform plexsu caroticus plexus Pleycosaurs plica (pl.plicae) Plica plica ; Oyster Catcher; Tree Runner PLICATULIDAE Pliocene epoch Pliohippus PLOCEIDAE Plodia interpunctella H?bner ploidy PLOTOSIDAE Plotosus anguillaris Plotosus lineatus ploughshare bone; plowshare plumage Plumbeous Water Redstart Plumed Basilisk; Double-crested Basilisk; Jesus Christ Lizards; Green Basilisk; Basiliscus plumiforns Plummer's nail plumose plumous plumula; down feather plunderfishes Plusia agnata Staudinger Plutella maculipennis Curtis; Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) PLUTELLIDAE pluteus (pl.plutei) pnerulus; naupliosome pneumatic pneumatic bone; os pneumaticum pneumatic cyst; air bladder pneumatic duct pneumatic foramen pneumatic sac; air sac pneumatic sinus pneumatocyst; air bladder pneumatogenic pneumatophore Pneumococcus pneumogastric nerve foramen pneumogastric nerve; vagus nerve; nervus pneumogastricus pneumograph; pneumatograph pneumonectasis pneumonedema pneumonemia pneumonia; pneumonitis pneumostome pneumotaxic center pneumotaxis pneumothorax; aeropleura Pnoepyga pusilla PNS (peripheral nervous system) poacher POCILLOPORIDAE pocket gophers poculiform PODARGIDAE podeon; podeum podex (pl. -dices); pygidium podia (pl. podium) podical plate PODICIPEDIDAE PODICIPIEDIFORMES podobranchiae Podocnemis expansa ; Giant south American River Turtle podocyst podocytes; of nephron podomere PODURIDAE podzol Poecilia reticulata poecilogony Poecilopsetta megalepis Poephila cincta cuncta Pogona barbata ; Bearded Dragon; Jew Lizard Pogonoperca punctata POGONOPHORA; BRACHIATA Poiana Poiana richardsoni poikilocyte poikilothermous poikilothermous animals point mutations point of attachment point of insertion poison canal poison claw poison exponent poison fang poison gland poison residue poison sac poison tooth poisoning polar; pole polar body; polocyte; polar gland polar cap polar capsules polar cartilage polar covalent bond polar furrow polar globule p. body polar lobe polar molecule polar nucleus polarity polarization polarization microscope polarized polarized light polarized membrane polarized segregation Polian vesicle polio vaccine polio; (epidemic) poliomyelitis polioencephalitis poliomyelitis; acute poliomyelitis; chronic poliomyelitis; epidemic poliomyelitis; polio polioplasm POLIOPTILIDAE Polistes hebraeus Fabricius pollen pollen basket pollen brush pollen comb pollex (pl.pollices) pollination pollinators pollution polocyte; polar body polus; pole polus anterior (bulbi oculi) POLYACANTHIDAE polyandry polyarthritis polyaxon spicule polyblasts Polycentrini POLYCENTROPIDAE POLYCHAETA polychromatophilia polycistronic POLYCLADIDA POLYCTENIDAE polycystic ovary syndrome polycythemia rubra; erythremia polydactylism; polydactyly polydipsia polyembryony polyendocrine adenomatosis polyesthesis polyestrous polygamy polygene polygenetic regeneration polygenic polygenic inheritance polygraph polyhedral cell polyhybrid polyinvagination polyisomerism polykaryocyte polylecithal egg; megalolecithal egg polyloidy polymastia polymer polymeric genes polymerization polymetabola; hypermetamorphosis Polymixia berndti POLYMIXIIFORMES Polymixiomorpha polymodal curve polymorphic; polymorphous polymorphic colony polymorphic nucleus polymorphic species polymorphism polymorphism; pleiomorphism polymorphonuclear leukocytes polymyxin polyneuropathy POLYODONTIDAE polyp dactyloideus polyp genitalis polyp nutritivus polyparasitism Polypedates Polypedates eiffingeri Polypedates japonicus Polypedates megacephalus ; White Lipped Treefrog; Java Treefrog POLYPEDATIDAE polypeptide hormone POLYPHAGA polyphagia polyphagous polyphyletic polyphyletic evolution polyphyletic theory polyphyodont polypide buds polypides POLYPLACOPHORA POLYPLACOPHORANS Polyplectron bicalcaratum Polyplectron emphanum Polyplectron germaini Polyplectron schleiermacheri POLYPLOCIDAE polyploid polyploid breeding polyploid species polypneustic polypod polypod larva polypod phase POLYPROTODONTA POLYPROTODONTS POLYPTERIDAE POLYPTERIFORMES POLYPTERINI; POLYPTERIFORMES Polypterus bichir polypus; ployp(s) polyribosome polyrrhina polysaccharides polyserositis polysomaty polyspermic egg polyspermism; polyspermy polyspondyly POLYSTOECHOTIDAE polytrichous polytrochula polytrophic type polytrophy; polytrophia polytypic species polyunsaturated fat polyuria; polyuresis polyvalent polyvalent antibody polyvalent serum POLYZOA; BRYOZOA POMACANTHIDAE Pomacanthus annularis Pomacanthus imperator Pomacanthus semicirculatus Pomacanthus sexstriatus POMACENTRIDAE Pomacentrus coelestis Pomacentrus philippinus POMADASYIDAE Pomadasys argenteus Pomadasys hasta Pomadasys machulatus Pomadasys quadrilineatus POMATOMIDAE Pomatorhinus erythrogenys Pomatorhinus ruficollis Pomfrets POMPILIDAE PONGIDAE PONGIDAE; ANTHROPOIDAE Pongo Pongo pygmaeus pons pons coxalis pons Varolii pontal flexure; pontine flexure pontine flexure; pontal flexure PONTOPORIIDAE pool pooled blood-serum poplieal notch popliteal artery popliteal popliteal line popliteus muscle; musculus popliteus population population bottleneck population density population dynamics population explosion population genetics population pressure porcupine porcupinefishes pore plate porgies PORIFERA poriferous PORITIDAE porocye POROLEPIDAE POROLEPIFORMES POROMYOIDEA porphyropsin porphyrurea; porphyrin urea porpita porsal pancreatic bud porta portal portal heart portal ring portal system; portal veins portal veins portal vessel Porthesia taiwana Shiraki; Euproctis taiwana (Shiraki) Portuguese man-of-war porus (E. pore) Porzana fusca position effect position pseudoalleles positive acceleration phase positive aerotaxis positive aerotropism positive after potential positive chemotaxis positive chemotropism positive electropism; p. electrotropism positive feedfack positive galvanotaxis positive geotaxis positive geotropism positive heliotropism positive hydrotaxis positive hydrotropism positive interaction positive phototaxis positive phototropism positive rheotaxis positive rheotropism positive thermotaxis positive thigmotaxis positive thigmotropism positive tropism postabdomen postablative hypothyroidism postanal postanal gut postaxial postaxial digit postaxial radials postbranchial postbranchial body; ultimo-branchial body; ruprape-ricardial body postbranchial region postcardinal sinus postcardinal vein; posterior cardinal vein; vena cardinalis posterior; inferior vena cava postcava; postcaval vein; posterior vena cava postcentrum postcerebral postcerebral gland postclavicle; os clavicales postcleitheliam postclimax postclypeus postcosta postcoxal postcubitus posteior tentorial pit postembryonic postembryonic development postembryonic stage posterio-madial angle posterior posterior alveolar branches posterior amniotic fold posterior ampulla posterior angle; anal angle posterior apophysis posterior arm of tentorium posterior arms posterior auricular muscle; muscle auricularis posterior posterior brachial septum posterior canal posterior cardinal vein; postcardinal vein posterior cardinal sinus posterior cell posterior cephalic foramen posterior cervical ganglion posterior chamber (of eye) posterior ciliated epaulettes posterior circumflex vein posterior clinoid process posterior collar posterior colliculi posterior coronary artery posterior crop posterior crossvein posterior cruciate ligament; ligamentum cruciatum posterior posterior digital branch posterior edge posterior extensor posterior femoral vein posterior funiculus posterior gastric plexus; plexus gastricus posterior (n. vagi) posterior glenoid process posterior gluteal nerve posterior gonapophyses posterior half-sclerotome posterior horn(hyoid) posterior ileocaecal vein posterior intercalary posterior intestinal portal posterior intestine posterior labral muscle posterior lacerated foramen posterior lamina posterior limb bud posterior lymph heart posterior margin posterior mediastinalis lymph gland posterior medullary velum posterior meningeal artery posterior mesenteric plexus posterior nare; choanae; p. nasal orifices posterior neuropore posterior notal process posterior oesophage ganglion posterior olivary nucleus posterior orbit posterior pancreatico-duodenal vein posterior peduncle posterior pereion; metanotum posterior perforated substance posterior pharynx posterior pillar posterior preputial muscle; musculi preputiales caudales posterior root posterior sacral foramen posterior scalene muscle; musculus scalenus posterior posterior sphenoid foramen posterior stigmatal tubercle posterior sucker posterior supraorbital foramen posterior tentorium posterior thoracic air sac posterior thyro-arytenoid ligament posterior trapezius muscle; musculus trapezius posterior posterior trapezoidal tubercle posterior tubercle; tuberculum posterius posterior vena cava; postcava posterior wing process postero-lateral concha post-formation theory; epigenesis postfrontal (bone) postfrontal process postfrontal suture postfurca postganglionic fiber postganglionic neurons postgena postgenacerore postgenal gland postgenital segment postglenoid process; postmandibular process postgula posthepatic region postheterokinesis postlabium postlabrum postlateral fissure; medilateral fissure postmandibular process; postglenoid process postmenarche postmenopausal postminimus postmitotic cells postmorten change postnatal development postneural plate; precaudal plate; supracaudal plate postnodal costal space postnotum postnuclear cup postoccipital suture postocellar area postopic fenestra postopic foramen postoptic postopticus postoral postoral loop; postoral circle ring postoral segment postorbital postorbital bar postorbital bristle postorbital crest postorbital vacuities postotic postotic pillar postotic somite postparaptera postparietals postpatagium postpenial postpermenant teeth postpharyngeal dilators postphragma postpleuron postranscriptional gene regulation postreproductive postretinal fibres postscutellum postscutum postsplenial postsynaptic neuron postsynaptic potential posttemporal posttemporal fossa posttentoria posttrematic branch postzygapophysis; processus articularis posterioris postzygotic isolating mechanisms POTAMIDIDAE Potamilus capax Potamochoerus Potamochoerus porcus potamodromous POTAMOTRYGONIDAE potassium potency potential energy potentiometry Potoo POTOROIDAE Potorous Potorous tridactylus pouched gill; marsipobranch pouched mammals poultry powder down feather PPLO (pleuropneumonialike organisms) PPM (parts per million) P-protein praeabdomen; preabdomen Praealticus tanegasimae praebrachial; prebrachial praechelicerae praecostal spur praecuneus praementum praepuce of clitoris; praeputium clitoridis praepuce; prepuce; praeputium praeputial; preputial praeputial diverticulum praeputial frenum praeputial ofifice praeputium penis; praepuce of penis praeputium; preputium; praepuci praeputium clitoridis; praepuce of clitoris Praescutata viperinus praescutum; prescutum prairie community prairie dog prairies praying mantis preabdomen; praeabdomen preadaptation preanal plate preannular preantenna prearytenoid cartilage preauditory placode preaxial preaxillary excision prebiotic evolution pre-Cambrian period precapillary precartilage precaudal precaudal plate precaudal vertebrae precava (pl.precavae); precaval vein preccardinal vein prechordal brain; archencephalon prechordal cartilage; trabecular precipitation precipitates precipitin preclavicle; preclavia preclimax precocial precocial animals precocious precocious development precocious division precocious pseudopuberty precocious puberty precoracoid process precoronoid precosity theory precusor predacious insects predation predator predator-prey relationship predenisolone predetermination preen gland pre-episternum preferential preferential fertilization preferential segregation preformation theory; encasement theory prefrontal (bone) preganglionic fiber pregnancy pregnancy cell pregnancy test pregnanediol; pregnandiol pregnenolone prehallux prehalteres prehensile prehensile tail prehensile-tailed monkey prehistoric age prelabium prelacteal teeth preleptonema preleptotene stage premandibular somite premandibular somite appendage premature premature contraction premature lysis premaxilla (pl.premaxillae) premenstrual tension syndrome prementum premolars premotor area premutation prenasal (bone) prenatal prenatal culture prenatal development prenatal hormone preocellar bristle preocular preopercule; preoperculum preoptic preoptic nerve preoptic recess preoral preoral cavity preoral ciliary ring preoral gut preoral lobe preoral pit preorbital preorbital bone preorbital crest preorbital muscle preorbital vacuity preotic pillar pre-ovum pre-paraptera preparation stage prepatagium prepenial prepenna; nesting sown feather prepollax prepotency pre-pro prepuberal; prepubertal prepubic tendon prepubis prepuce; praepuce; praeputium prepupa; propupa prepygidial prepyloric prereductional division prereproductive presacral presbyopia presbytia Presbytis Presbytis entellus Presbytis geei Presbytis pileata Presbytis pileatus Presbytis potenziani Pridontes maximus Presbytis potenziani presbytismus prescutellum prescutum; praescutum presecretin presegmentalis presence and absence hypothesis preservation of food prespermatid; secondary spermatocyte presphenoid (bone) pressor pressor center pressor nerve pressor reflex pressure receptor pressure sense pressure spot pressure-flow mechanism hypothesis presternum; manubrium presumptive presumptive area presumptive notochord presynapsis pretarsus pretrematic ramus; p. branch pretrochantin; subcoxa prevention preventive inoculation; p. vaccination preventive medicine preventive vaccination; p. inoculation prevertebral prevertebral ganglion prevertebral plexus prevom dumb-bell bone prey prezygapophysis (pl.prezygapophyses); praezygapophysis PRH; prolactin-releasing factor Priacanthus boops Priacanthus cruentatus Priacanthus hamrur Priacanthus macracanthus PRIAPULIDA; saussage worms PRIAPULOIDEA prickle cell pricklebacks pricklefishes prietella primaries primary primary adrenal insufficiency primary amenorrhea primary anemia primary body cavity primary bronchus primary bundle primary center primary cerebral vesicle primary chancre primary collecting duct primary community primary consumer primary coverts primary cuticula primary dwarfism primary ectoderm primary effect of gene primary egg membrane primary endoblast; p. endoderm primary entoderm; p. entoblast primary external auditory meatus primary flexure primary follicle primary germ layers primary host primary infection primary integument primary iris cell primary marrow tissue primary mesenchyme primary mesoderm primary metamorphosis primary non-disjunction primary ocellus primary oocyte primary oogonium primary organizer primary ovarian follicle primary parasite primary pest primary pinocytosis vacuole primary producer primary productivity primary seta primary sex characteristics primary sex cords primary sex organ primary sexual character primary shock primary spermatocyte primary spermatogonium primary stomodaeum primary structure of proteins primary succession primary thrombus primary trisomic primary trisomy primary trochoblast primary tubercle PRIMATES primaxil primeval arthropod primipara primiparity primite primitive primitive atmosphere primitive atmosphere of earth primitive cartilage primitive cumulus primitive disk primitive fold primitive germ cell primitive groove primitive gut; archenteron primitive knot primitive man primitive pit primitive plate primitive procephalic appendage primitive sensilla primitive streak primodial primodial brain primodial endoderm cell primodial germ cell; primitive germ cell primodial leaf primordia primordia germ cell primordium (pl.primordia); anlage primordium hippocampi principal principal axis principal island principal sector principal sulcus principal vein principle principle of dominance principle of exclusivity principle of recapitulation principle of segregation principle of unit characters Prinia flaviventris priodont Prionace glauca Prionailurus Prionailurus bengalensis Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis Prionbutis koilomatodon Prionodon linsang Prionodon pardicolor PRIONOPIDAE prions Prionurus microlepidotus prismatic laye PRISTIDAE Pristigenys multifasciata Pristigenys niphonia PRISTIOPHORIDAE Pristiophorus japonicus Pristipomoides sieboldi Pristipomoides typus Pristotis jerdoni pro-ala; fore wing proamnion proandry PROANURA proatlas probability probability function probable error Probarbus jullieni probe DNA or RNA problematic body proboscic cavity; rhynchocoel proboscic sheath proboscic worms PROBOSCIDEA proboscis (pl.proboscioles) procaryon; prodaryon Procavia Procavia capensis PROCAVIIDAE PROCELLARIIDAE PROCELLARIIFORMES procelus vertebra; procoelous vertebra procephalic procephalic antennae procephalic lobe Proceras Venosatum (Walker); Chilo sacchariphagus stramineellus (Caradja) procercoid procerebral lobe procerebrum process ( processus) PROCHODATA prochorion prochromosome Proclophonians PROCOELA procoelous vertebra; procelous vertebra Procolophon Procolophonids Procompsognathus procoracohumeralis muscle procoracoid procriciod proctodaeal proctodaeal invagination proctodaeal pit proctodaeal valve proctodaeum (pl.proctodaea or-dea) PROCTOTRUPIDAE PROCTOTRUPOIDEA procuticle Procyllium habereri Procyno Procyno lotor PROCYONIDAE Prodenia litura (Fabricius) Prodenia litura (Fabricius); Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Prodinoceras prodromal producer productivity proembryo proencephalon proestrum; proestrus PROEUTHERIAN profund ( profundus) profund facial lateral trunk profund ventral trunk profundal zone PROGANOCHELYDIA PROGANOCHELYIDAE Proganochelys progastrin progeny progeria progesterone; progestin proglottis (pl.proglottides) prognathous prognathous type Prognichthys agoo agoo Prognichthys brevipinnis progradation progression progressive progressive atrophe of bone progressive developement progressive deviation progressive evolution progressive metaplasia progressive muscular atrophy progressive species progressive succession prohaematocyte; prohaemocyte prohaemocyte prohormone proinsulin prokaryotes prokaryotic Prolacerta prolactin; luteotrophic hormone; LTH prolactinoma prolamins prolan; chorionis gonadotrophin prolapse (L. prolapsus) prolapse of rectum; prolupsus recti prolapse of uterus proleg; propes proliferation proline; prolin proloculum PROMEROPIDAE Promerycochoerus prometabola prometamorphosis Promethichthys prometheus prominence of posterior ampulla prominent vertebra prominentia promitochondria promitosis promontorium (pl.promontoria) promontorium tympani promorphology promotor pronator muscle pronephric pronephric capsule pronephric chamber pronephric duct; arghinephric duct pronephric segment pronephric tubule pronephros; pronephron pronghorn pronotum Pronuba pronuclei pronucleus pronymphal membrane prooestrus; proestrum proopiomelanocortin; POMC prootic prootic myotomes propagation propagulum Propalaeochoerus propanediol propatagium; prepatagium propes; proleg prophage prophase prophylactic inoculation propionic acid Propithecus Propithecus diadema Propithecus verreauxi propleuron Propliopethecus propneustic type propodite propodium propodosoma proprioceptive proprioception proprioceptive ending proprioceptive impulse proprioceptor propterygium propupa; prepupa propygidium propylene glycol PROSAUROPODA proscolex (pl.proscolices) prosecretin prosethmoid PROSIMIAE prosimians; PROSIMII prosiphon PROSOBRANCHIA prosocoel prosoma; cephalothorax PROSOMIAE PROSOPYGH prospyle prostaglandin (PG) prostalia prostate prostate cancer prostate gland prostatic prostatic carcinoma prostatic duct prostatic plexus prostatic utricle; prostatic vesicle prostatitis prosternum; presternum prosthetic group prostoma; prostomata prostomial disc prostomium PROTACANTHOPTERGII protamine protamine insulin protandric protandric hermaphrodite protandry; proterandry protanoia Protapirus protarsus protaspis protective animal protective antibodies protective bird protective coloration; apatetic coloration protective inhibition protective layer protective tissue protective vaccination proteid; protein PROTEIDAE PROTEIDEA protein protein hormones protein molecules protein synthesis protein urea; proteinuria; albuminuria proteinemia proteinogen proteinoid microsphere proteinuria; albuminuria; protein urea proteism Proteles Proteles cristatus protembryo PROTENTOMOBRYIDAE PROTENTOMON PROTEOCEPHALOIDEA proteolipin proteolysin proteolysis proteose proterandry; protandry protergite protergum Protergyrinus proteroglyphic snakes proteroglyphic teeth proterogynous; protogynous proterosoma proterostomians PROTEROSUCHIA Proterosuchus Proterozoic era Proteus prothoracic prothoracic bristle prothoracic gland prothoracic somite prothoracic theca prothoracicotropic hormone prothorax Protiguanodon protist Protobatrachus PROTOBIONTA;PROTISTA PROTOBRANCHIA PROTOCARDIINAE protocell protocephalic region protocephalon Protoceras Protoceratids Protoceratops protocercal tail protocerebrum; protocerebron Protocetus PROTOCHORDATA; PROCHORDATA PROTOCILIATA Protoclepsydrops protocoel PROTOCOELOMATA PROTOCOLEOPTERA protoconch protocone; primary cusp protoconid protoconule protocooperation protocorm protocranium protoderm PROTODONATA protogene protohemin PROTOHEMIPTERA protokaryotic protokaryotic protoloph protomerite protometamere neocrane PROTOMONADINA proton proton gradient proton gradients and chemosmosis proton pump protonema PROTONEMERTEA protonephridia protonephridium Protonibea diacantha protonymph protoplasm protoplasm doctrine protoplasmic protoplasmic astrocytes protoplasmic bridge protoplasmic grade protoplasmic growth protoplasmic streaming protoplast protopod larva protopod oligomere protopod phase protopod polymere protopod; protopodite PROTOPTERIDAE Protopterus Protoreodon protoroch PROTOROSAURIA Protorosaurus Protorothyris Protosiren protosoma; prosoma protosome protostigmata protostoma; blastopore PROTOSTOMATA; PROTOSTOMIA Protostomes protostylic PROTOSUCHIA Protosuchus PROTOTHERIA prototype; archetype Protoungulata protovertebra PROTOZOA protoxoid protozoan infection protozoea stage protozoology protozygote protractor protractor muscle; musculus protractors protrochula protuberantia mentalis PROTURA proturan Protylopus Protypotherium proventricle; proventriculus proventricular gland provirus provisional organ provisional regeneration provitamin proximal proximal convoluted tubule proximal convolution proximal digital annular ligament proximal intertarsal sac proximal intestine proximal sesamoid proximal sensory area proximal submarginal ridge proximal tuberosity proximal tubule proximoceptor proximodistal polarity Prozeuglodon Prunella collaris PRUNELLIDAE pruritus Pryeria sinica Moore psalterium (pl.psalteria); manyplies; omasum Psammobates geometricus PSAMMOBIIDAE Psammobiinae PSAMMODONTIFORMES Psammodynastes Psammodynastes pulverulentus ; Common Mock Snack; Mock viper psammolittoral psammoma psammon Psammoperca waigiensis psammophilous PSELAPHIDAE pselaphogheca PSELAPHOGNATHA Psenes pellucidus Psenopsis anomala PSEPHENIDAE Psephurus glandius; spoonbill Psturgeen; paddle fish Psettodes erumeri PSETTODIDAE Pseudaonidia duplex (Cockerell) pseudaposematic colors Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) Pseudemydura umbrina pseudepisematic colors PSEUDIDAE pseudo-100-pacer pseudoagglutination pseudoaldoaldosteronism pseudoalleles Pseudobagrus adiposalis Pseudobagrus taiwanensis Pseudobalistes fuscus pseudoblastopore pseudoblepharoplast pseudobrachium pseudobranch Pseudocalliurichthys variegatus pseudocentrous vertebrae Pseudocepola taeniosoma pseudocercus Pseudocheilinus hexataenia Pseudocheiridae PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE Pseudocheiridae peregrinus pseudochiasma PSEUDOCHROMIDAE Pseudochromis aureus Pseudochromis cyanotaenia Pseudochromis fuscus Pseudochromis melanotaenia Pseudococcus brevipes Cockerell; Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) Pseudococcus chiponesis Takahashi; Planococoides chiponensis (Takahashi) pseudocoelomata pseudocoelum pseudoconcha pseudocone eye pseudocopulation; amplexus; amplexation Pseudocordylus microlepidotus ; Crag Lizard; Cape CragLizard; Leathery Crag Lizard PSEUDOCRENILABRUS PSEUDOCREODI; OXYAENOIDEA pseudoculus (pl.pseudoculi) pseudocyesis; pseudopregnancy pseudodominance PSEUDOECHINOIDEA pseudoflagella pseudogastrula pseudogenes pseudoglobulin PSEUDOGRAMIDAE Pseudogramma polyacantha pseudogyna pseudohaltere pseudohermophrodite pseudohypermetabola pseudohypertrichosis pseudohypertrophy pseudohypoparathyroitism Pseudois Pseudois nayaur pseudokeratin Pseudolabrus gracilis Pseudolabrus japonicus pseudomelanosis pseudometaplasia pseudomixis Pseudomonas pseudomucinous dystadenoma Pseudomys Pseudomys albocinereus Pseudomys praeconis PSEUDOPETALICHTHYIDA PSEUDOPETALICHTHYIFORMES PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA pseudoplasmodium pseudopodium (pl.pseudopodia) pseudopregnancy; pseudocyesis pseudopuberty pseudopupa Pseudorasbora parva Pseudorca crassidens Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Pseudosciaena crocea Pseudosciaena polyactis pseudoscience pseudoscolex PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA pseudostratified pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium pseudostratified epithelium PSEUDOSUCHIA pseudothyroid gland pseudotrachea Pseudotriakis acrales PSEUDOTRICHONOTIDAE Pseudoxenodon macropus sauteri Pseudoxenodon macropus stejnegeri pseudozoaea; erichthus Psilocephalus barbatus PSILORHYNCHIDAE p-site PSITTACIFORMES Psittacosaurus psittacosis; parrot fever PSITTACOTHERIUM Psittacula krameri borealis Psittacula krameri scho psoas muscle psoas major psoas minor psoas tubercle; tuberculum psoadicum PSOCIDAE PSOCOPTERA PSOPHIIDAE psoriasis psorosperms PSTTACIDAE psyche psychedelic drugs psychiatric disorder psychiatry psychic psychic reflex psychic secretion PSYCHODIDAE psychoendocrinology psychogenic water drinking psychology PSYCHOMYIIDAE psychophysiology PSYCHOPSIDAE psychosis psychozoic era; anthrozoic era PSYCHROLUTIDAE psychrophil bacteria PSYLLIDAE Pteragogus flagellifera Pteranodon PTERASPIDA; HETEROSTRACI PTERASPIDAE PTERASPIDIFORMES PTERASPIDIMORPHA PTERASPIDOMORPHI Pterelotris evides pteridine PTERIIDAE PTERIINA pterins PTERIOIDA PTERIOIDEA PTERIOMORPHA pterion pterion fontanelle PTEROBRANCHIA pterocardiac PTEROCLIDAE PTEROCLIFORMES pterodactyl (s) PTERODACTYLOIDEA Pterodactyloids Pterodactylus pterogostia pterogostic pteroid bone pterology Pteronura brasiliensis PTEROPHORIDAE pteropleura (pl.peteropleuron) PTEROPODA PTEROPODA PTEROPODIDAE Pteropus Pteropus dasymallus formosus pterosaur(s) PTEROSAURIA Pterosaurs pterostigma Pterosynchiropus splendidus pterotheca pterothorax PTEROTHRISSIDAE pterotic Pterycombus petersii pterygiophore; actinost pterygium; ichthyopterygium pterygobranchiate pterygoda pterygoid bone pterygoideus muscle pterygo-pharyngeal muscle pterygopodial gland pterygopolymorphism pterygoquadrate cartilage pterygostium pterygota Pterygotrigla hemisticta Pterygtrigla ryukyuensis pteryla (pl.pterylae) pterylography pterylosis PTILICHTHYIDAE ptilinum PTILOGONATIDAE PTILONORHYNCHIDAE ptilopaedic ptilosis; pterylosis PTILOTA PTINIDAE; ANOBIIDAE ptocin; oxytocin ptomaine; animal alkaloid; cadvorio alkaloid Ptyas korros ; Indian Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus ; Dhaman Rat Snake; Oriental Rat Snake Ptychidio jordani PTYCHOLEPIFORMES Ptychozoon kuhli ; Kuhl's Flying Gecko Ptychozoon lionotum ; Common Flying Gecko PTYCTODONTIDAE PTYCTODONTIFORMES PTYCTODONTIMORPHA Ptyodactylus hasselquistii ; Yellow Fan-fingered Gecko pubarche puberty puberty gland pubescence pubescene; pubes pudenda (sing.-dum) pudendal pudendal nerve; pubic nerve pudendal plexus pudendum muliebre pudic nerve; pudendal nerve Pudu mephistophiles Pudu pudu puericulture puerilism puerility puerpera puerperal puerperal fever; childbed fever puerperal melancholia puerulus; phyllosoma pufferfishes puffers puffin pulasting vacuole; contractile vacuole pulastion Pulex PULICIDAE pulmo (pl.pulmones) pulmobranchia pulmocutaneous pulmocutaneous arch pulmocutaneous trunk pulmonarium pulmonary pulmonary alveoli pulmonary aorta pulmonary apertre; pneumostome pulmonary aponeurosis pulmonary artery pulmonary branch; ramus pulmonales pulmonary circulation pulmonary fold pulmonary ligament pulmonary lobule pulmonary orifice pulmonary pleura pulmonary plexus pulmonary respiration pulmonary space; pulmonarium pulmonary trunk pulmonary tuberculosis pulmonary valve pulmonary vein PULMONATA PULMONATA pulmonate snails pulmonates pulp (L. pulpa¡^ pulp cavity pulp of tooth pulpa pulpy nucleus pulsating organ pulse pulse pressure pulvillus pulvinar Puma Puma concolor pump puncta lacrimalia punctuated equilibria punctum (pl.puncta); point punctum fixum punctum mobile Punnett square pupa (pl. pupae) pupa contigua pupa libera pupa obtecta pupa subterraneae pupa succincta; succincti pupa suspensa pupal stadium puparium (pl.puparia) pupation pupiformes pupigenous; pupiparons pupigerous pupil pupillary muscle pupiparous; pupigenous pupivorous pure community pure culture pure line pure races pure selection pure separation pure theory purines purity of gametes Purkinje muscle Purkinje phenomenon Purkinje tissue purple membranes purple nonsulfur bacteria purple sulfur bacteria purposefulness purpura purpura hemorrhagica purpura senilis purpureous pus pustula putrefaction putrefactious bacteria Pycnocraspedum microplepis PYCNODONTIDAE PYCNODONTIFORMES pycnodysostosis PYCNOGONIDA PYCNONOTIDAE Pycnonotus sinensis Pycnonotus taivanus pycnosis; pyknosis PYCNOSTEROIDIDAE pyelitis pyelometer pyemia pygal pygal plate pygal scute Pygathrix Pygahrix avunculus Pygahrix brelichi Pygahrix nemaeus Pygahrix roxellance pygidial pygidial fringe pygidial gland pygidial margin pygidial setae PYGIDIIDAE pygidium (pl.pygidia) pygmy pygmy sperm whale Pygmy Wren Babbler pygofer Pygoplites diacanthus PYGOPODIDAE pygopods Pygopus lepidopodus ; Scaly-foot Leg-less Lizard; Common Scaly-foot pygostyle Pylodictis olivaris pyloric pyloric antrum pyloric caecum; pyloric diverticulum pyloric gland pyloric region pyloric sphincter pyloric stomach pyloric valve pyloric valvule pylorus (pl.pylori) pyogenic infection pyometra pyosalpinx pyraidal decussation pyraidal tract PYRALIDAE Pyralis farinalis Linnaeus pyramid pyramid of number pyramidal pyramidal cell pyramidal fasiculus pyramidal fiber pyramidal system pyramidalis muscle pyramidone test pyramine pyramis vermis pyramis; pyramides pyrenin pyrenoids pyriform pyriform lobe pyriform vesicle pyrimidines PYROCHROIDAE pyrogallol test pyrogenic pyrogens pyrophosphate Pyrops watarabei (Motsumura) PYROSOMIDA PYROTHERIA PYRRHOCORIDAE Pyrrhula nipalensis pyruria pyruvic acid pythogenesis Python Python curtus ; Blood Python Python molurus bivittatus ; Burmese Python Python regius ; Ball Python Python reticulus ; Reticulate Python Q10 Q-disk; A-disk Q-fever; queensland fever; mild typhus-like disease Quadcaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock); Aspidionus perniciosus Comstock quadrangle quadrant quadrate (bone) quadrate pronator muscle musculus pronator quadratus quadrato-jugal bone; os quadrato-jugale quadrato-maxillary bone quadratus muscle quadriceps muscle quadrigeminal bodies; corpora quadrigemina; quadrigeminum quadrivalent Quadrula intermedia Quadrula sparsa quadruplet pregnancy quadruplochromosome qualitative variation quantasome quantitative enheritan quantitative character quantitative gene quantitative variation quantum quantum evolution quantum theory quarantine quaridentate; quadridentatus quartan malaria; quartan fever quartet quartile quasibivalent quasi-continuous variation quasi-linkage quaternary hybrid quaternary parasite quaternary period quaternary structure of proteins quatibrach queen queen; honey-bee quiescent center quiescent stage quill quillfish quinine quinquedentate quinquetubercular quinsy quintuplet pregnancy quotient of increase rabbitfishes rabies rabies antitoxin raccoon race race cycle; rassendreis racehorses racemose racemose gland rachidian RACHIGLOSSA rachiglossate rachiodont rachis genitalis rachis; feather shaft; rhachis rachitic rosary rachitis; rickets rachitomous vertebrae; temnospondylous RACHYCENTREDAE racial racial diversity racial immunity racial instinct racial variation radia ¡]pl.radiae) radial radial artery radial canal radial carpal bone; radiale radial cleavage radial cross-vein radial foramen; ectoepicondylar foramen radial hand extensor muscle radial nerve radial section radial sector radial symmetry radial vein radial(n); radius; radialium radiale; os carpi cadiale radialium (pl.radialia); radial radiant energy radiant stimulus RADIATA radiate radiating canal radiation radiation constant radiation genetics radiation induced lethal radiation injury radiation therapy radiation threshold radices aortae; r. of aorta radices visceralis radiculopathy radii (pl. radius) radii of lens; r. lentis RADIICEPHALIDAE radio waves radioactive clocks radioactive dating radioactive isotopes radioactive labeling experiments radiobilateral symmetry radiobiology radiocarbon radiocarpal radiocarpal joint; antibrachio-carpal joint radiocarpal sac radioecology radioimmunoassay (RIA) radioiodidie uptake (RAIU) radioiodine radioisotope RADIOLARIA radio-medial cross-vein radioreceptor radioreceptor assay(RRA) radioresistance radiosensitivity radio-ulna (pl.radio-ulnae) radio-ulnar articulation radius (pl. radii) radix (pl. radices) radon radula (pl.radulae) radula sac raffinose ragfish Rail rain forest rainbow fishes Rainbow Lizard; Common Agama; Red-Headed Agama; Agama agama Raja undulata RAJIFORMES Rajinae rale RALLIDAE Ramapithecus Ramphotyphlops braminus ; Common Blind Snake; Brahminy Blind Snake ramus (pl. rami) ramus anterior (a. obturatoriae) ramus ascendens (a. transversae colli) ramus communicans ramus descendens (a. occipitalis) ramus dexter (a. pulmonalis) ramus externus(n. laryngei sup.) ramus inferior (n. oculomotorii) ramus internus (n. accessorii) ramus lateralis (r. post. nn. cervicalium) ramus posterior (n. spinalis) ramus profundus (n. radialis) ramus sinister (a. hepaticae propriae) Rana Rana adenopleura ; Olive Frog Rana catesbeiana ; American Bullfrog Rana limnocharis ; Rice Field Frog; Indian Rice Frog Rana longicrus ; Long-legged Frog; Brown Frog Rana plancyi Rana psaltes ; Harpist Brown Frog Rana taipehensis ; Taipei Frog; Two Striped Grass Frog Rana tigrina rugulosa ; Indian Bullfrog rancidity random random fixation of gene random fluctuation random genetic drift random mating Raneya range range of tolerance range of variation Rangifer; reindeer Rangifer tarandus RANIDAE raphe raphe linguae raphe of pharynx; raphe pharyngie raphe perinei raphe praeputii raphe scroti; r. of scrotum RAPHIDIIDAE RAPHIDIOIDEA rapid eye movement (REM) sleep raptor raptorial leg RAS (reticular activating system) rasping-sucking type rassenkreis; race cycle Rastrelliger rat-bite fever rate rate of dispersion rate of respiration rat-fishes Rathke's pouch ratite birds rat-snake rat-tailed maggots rattails rattle snake Rattus Rattus culturatus Rattus losea Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus raupenform; caterpillar form ray-finned fishes; ACTINOPTERYGII Razer-backed Musk Turtle; Kinosternon carinatum reabsorption reaction center reaction system reaction time reaction to foreign body reaction to gravity; geotropism reactivation reagin reagin antibodies realized niche rebound recapitulation recapitulation law recent epoch receptacle; receptaculum eceptaculum receptaculum chyli; cisterna chyli receptaculum ovorum receptaculum seminis; seminal receptacle reception; neural receptive receptive cone; fertilization cone; entrance cone receptive hypha receptive pole receptive relaxation receptivity receptor receptor cells receptor-mediated endocytosis receptors for hormones receptors of cell membrane receptors; sensory recess; recessus recessive recessive character recessive gene recessive mutation recessive trait recessus anterior; fossae interpeduncularis recessus; recess recidual lumen Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky); Deltocephalus dorsalis Motschulsky recipient recipient; universal reciprocal reciprocal altruism reciprocal back-cross reciprocal hybrids reciprocal induction reciprocal innervation reciprocal mating; reciprocal cross reciprocal mimicry reciprocal parasitism reciprocal symbiosis recombinant DNA recombinant DNA technology recombinant RNA recombination recombination of gene recon reconstruction recovery period rectal rectal caeca rectal caudae rectal column rectal gill rectal gland rectal lymph gland rectal papillae rectal tracheal gill rectal valve rectification; regulation rectigradation rectigrade recto-duodenal recess; recessus recto-duodenalis recto-genital pouch; excavotio recto-uterina recto-vesicle pouch; excavatio recto-vesicalis rectricial rectrix (pl. rectrices) rectum rectus set recurrent recurrent back-cross recurrent bronchus recurrent fever; relapsing fever recurrent interosseous artery recurrent mutation recurrent nerve recurrent nervure recurrent of tumor recurrent tarsal vein Red Bamboo Rat Snake; Elaphe porphyracea nigrofasciata Red Banded Snake; Dinodon rufozonatum; Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum Red Belly Kukri Snake; Oligodon ornatus red blood cells red blood corpuscle; r. blood cell; r. corpuscle red body; rete mirable red bone marrow; medulla osseum rebra red bread mould; Neurosora red corpuscle; r. blood corpuscle red gland red hepatization Red Keelback; Macropisthodon rudis rudis red marrow red nucleus Red Pipe Snake; Cylindrophis ruffus red queen effect red thromb red tide Red Turtle Dove Red-bellied Thrush Red-capped Green Pigeon Red-crowned Crane Red-ear Turtle; Common Slider; Trachemys scripta elegans Red-eared Slider; Trachemys scripta elegans Red-headed Tit Red-headed Tree Babbler Red-necked Phalarope Red-ringed Snake; Asia Coral Snake; Hemibungarus macclellandi REDFIELDIIFORMES rediae redirected behavior redissolving redox redox potential; oxidation-reduction potential redox pump redox reactions reduced reduced haematin reduced haemoglobin reduced iron reduced reflex time reducer reduction division; meiosis reduction; degeneration reductionism reduplication REDUVIIDAE reedfish reflecting layer; reflector layer reflecting regeneration reflector layer; reflecting layer reflex reflex action reflex arc reflex center reflex time reflexes refractive refractive body refractive increment refractory period Regal Horned Lizard; Phrynosoma solare REGALECIDAE regeneration regeneration bud; r. blastema regeneration law regenerative regenerative capacity; r. activity regenerative cells regio (pl. regiones); region region of jaw symphysis regiones digitales (manus) regiones digitales (pedis) regiones extremitatis superior regiones unguiculares pedis regiones volares digitorum regression; degeneration regular regeneration REGULARIA regulation; rectification regulation egg regulator gene regulatory proteins Regulus goodfellowi regurgitation regurgitation jaundice reindeer reinfection Reinhardtius reinversion Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys megalotis rejuvenation rejuvenation theory rejuvenescence relapsing fever relational spiral; r. coiling relative growth; heterogonic growth relative immunity relative insufficiency relative potence relative sexuality relative viscosity relaxation relaxation period relaxin relay center release factor releaser releasing hormone relic form; relict remex (pl. remiges) remicle remigium remigration remiped Remiz pendulinus REMIZIDAE remotabola ren (pl. renes); kidney renal; nephric; nephridial renal artery renal clearance renal colic renal collar renal column renal corpuscle; Malpighian body; Malpighian corpuscle renal cortex renal crest renal failure renal glycosuria renal hilus renal juxtaglomerular cell renal medulla renal papilla renal pelvis renal portal system renal portal vein renal pyramids renal rickets renal sinus renal threshold renal tubules renal vein renal-adrenal axis renes (pl. ren) renet; abomasum renette reniculus reniform renin renin activator renin-angiotensin system renin-angiotensin-alsosterone system rennet-stomach; rennet reno-femoral artery reno-lumbar artery repair reparative regeneration repellent repetitional regeneration replacement replacement bone; cartilage bone replacement cell replacement tooth replication replication fork replication of gene replication of virus replicon repression of enzymes repressor repressor gene reproduction reproductive reproductive capacity reproductive cell reproductive duct reproductive epithelium reproductive isolation reproductive organ reproductive periodicity reproductive polyp reproductive system reproductive tissue Reptiles REPTILIA repugnatorial gland reserpine reserve reservoir reservoir host resident bird residual air residual effect resin resistance resistance apparatus resistance coil resistance congenitale; congenital resistance resistance factor resistance genes resistance naturelle; natural resistance resistance variety resistant resistant endospore resistant mutant resistant to antibodies resistant to insecticides resistant to treatment resolution resolving power resonance resonance apparator; resonator resonant chamber respiration respiratoria respiratory respiratory apparatus respiratory bronchioles respiratory capacity respiratory cavity respiratory center respiratory chamber respiratory cup respiratory duct respiratory epithelium respiratory filament respiratory gill respiratory glottis respiratory heart respiratory metabolism respiratory movement respiratory neurons respiratory organ respiratory orifice respiratory phase respiratory pigment respiratory quotient respiratory rate respiratory regulation respiratory sac respiratory system respiratory tracheae respiratory tracts respiratory tree response responsibility rest-body restiform body resting resting cell resting nucleus resting phase resting potential resting stage restorative regeneration restricted transduction retained placenta retardation rete rete arteriosum rete cords rete mirable red body rete ovarii rete testis rete vasculosum rete venosum retention jaundice reticular reticular activating system (RAS) reticular apparatus; Golgi apparatus reticular connective tissue reticular fibers reticular formation reticular impression reticular layer reticular theory reticular tissue; r. connective tissue reticular zone; zona reticularis Reticulate Python; Python reticulus reticulated bone reticulo-cyte reticulo-endothelial system reticulo-omasal orifice reticulopodia reticulosarcoma reticulum retina retinaculum retinal retinal blood vessels retinal cone retinal germ retinal pigmental cell retinal rod retinene retinitis retinoblastoma retinol retinopathy retinula retinular cells retractile bulbi retractile disc; calotte retractor retractor muscle retractory period retrogradation retrograde embolism retrogressive retrogressive development retrogressive evolution retrogressive metamorphosis retrogressive succession retro-lingual gland retro-peritoneal retro-pharyngeal abscess retro-pharyngeal gland; suprapharyngeal lymph gland RETROPINNIDAE retrovirus reunion reverberating circuit reverent vein reverse reverse mutation; back mutation reverse peristalsis reverse T3 reverse transcription reversibility of mutation reversible reversible mutant reversible reaction reversion; atavism reviviscence rh antigen rh blood type rh disease rh factor rh locus rhabditid larva RHABDITIDA RHABDOCOELA rhabdom; rhabdome rhabdomere rhabdomyoma Rhabdophis swinhonis Taiwan Keelback Rhabdophis tigrina formosana ; Asian Tiger Keelback; Asian Tiger Snake Rhabdopleurida RHABDORNITHIDAE RHABDPLEURIDA RHACHITOMI Rhacodactylus leachianus ; New Caledonia Giant Gecko RHACOPHORIDAE Rhacophorus arvalis ; Farmland Green Treefrog Rhacophorus aurantiventris ; Orange-belly Treefrog Rhacophorus moltrechti ; Moltrechti's Green Treefrog Rhacophorus prasinatus ; Emerald Green Treefrog Rhacophorus taipeianus ; Taipei Green Treefrog RHAGIONIDAE Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) rhamnose RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE rhamphoid RHAMPHORHYNCHOIDEA Rhamphorhynchus rhamphotheca rhea RHEIDAE RHEIFORMES RHENANIDAE RHENANIFORMES rheobase rheobiotic rheology rheoplankton rheoreceptor rheotaxis rheotropism rhesus (monkey) rhesus blood type rheumatic rheumatic fever rheumatic pleurisy rheumatic pleuritis rheumatic pneumonitis rheumatism rheumatoid arthritis rhibitite rhinal rhinal fissure rhinal process rhinarium; muzzle Rhincceros Rhincodon typus RHINCODONTIDAE rhinencephalon whale shark rhinitis RHINOBATIDAE Rhinoceros Rhinoceros Iguana; Cyclura cornuta Rhinoceros sondaicus Rhinoceros unicornis RHINOCEROTIDAE RHINOCHIMAERIDAE rhinocoel RHINOCRYPTIDAE RHINOLOPHIDAE Rhinolophus Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Rhinolophus hipposideros rhinophore Rhinopithecus Rhinopithecus roxellanae Rhinopoma Rhinopoma hardwickei RHINOPOMATIDAE RHINOPRENIDAE rhinoscleroma rhinotheca rhinozoa RHIPICERIDAE RHIPIDISTIA Rhipidistians RHIPIDURIDAE RHIPIPHORIDAE Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Hood RHIPIPTERA; STREPSIPTERA RHIXODONTIDAE Rhizobium RHIZOCEPHALA RHIZODONTIFORMES RHIZODOPSIDAE RHIZOMASTIGINA Rhizomys Rhizomys sumatrensis Rhizopertha dominica (Fabricius) RHIZOPHAGIDAE RHIZOPODA Rhizopus Rhizopus nigricans RHIZOSTOMAE Rhodesia man Rhodichthyini Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) rhodocyte; erythyrocyte rhodophyll rhodopsin; visual purple rhombencephalon rhombic lip rhombocoel rhombogene rhomboid rhomboid fossa rhomboid lymph gland rhomboid muscle; musculus rhomboideus rhomboidal sinus; sinus rhomboideus rhomboideus muscle; rhomboid muscle RHOMBOZOA rhopalium RHOPALOCERA Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) Rhopalura Rhopilema esculenta RHYACICHTHYIDAE RHYACOPHILIDAE Rhynchobatini RHYNCHOBDELLIDA RHYNCHOCEPHALIA; Tuatara rhynchocoel; proboscis cavity RHYNCHOCOELA Rhynchocoris humeralis (Thunberg) RHYNCHODIPTERIFORMES Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) Rhynchosaurus Rhynchotherium RHYNCOPHTHIRINA RHYNOCHETIDAE RHYSODIDAE rhythm rhythmicity rib ribbon worm ribbonbearers ribbonfishes riboflavin ribonucleic acid ribonucleoprotein ribose ribose nucleic acid ribose phosphate ribosomal RNA ribosome ribosome cycle ribosome entry site ribozyme ribulose bisphosphate Ricania speculam Walker rice field frog; Indian Rice Frog; Rana limnocharis ricin RICINIDAE ricinine ricinoleic acid rickets; rachitis Rickettsiae rickettsial rickettsiosis rictal bristle rictus ridge of nose; aggernasi ridgeheads Riedel's thyroiditis right handedness right torma; dexiotorma right whale right-eared right-eyed righting reflex rigidity rigor mortis rima rima glottidis rima oris rima pudendi ring Ring-necked Pheasant ring bivalent ring canal ring centriole ring chromosome ring gland ring hemorrhage ring joints ring multivalent ring of race ring sinus ring vein ring vessel ring wall Ringed Water Snake; Sinonatrix annularis Ringer's solution RINGICULIDAE ringworm Riopa bowringii ; Garden Supple Skink riparious risorius muscle RISSOIDAE RISSOIDEA river otter rivus lacrimalis RNA viruses RNA; ribonucleic acid roaches robin Rock Dove rock paintings rockfishes rocklings Rocky-mountain revolution rod rod bivalent rod cell rod chromosome rod ellipsoid rod fiber rod granule rodent rodent hawks rodent ulcer RODENTIA rodenticide rods of eye roe deer Rolandic fissure; sulcus centralis Romerolagus Romerolagus diazi RONDELETIIDAE ronquils Rontgen radiation roof plate roosterfish root nodule bacteria root of wing ropefish rorquals Rosconi's groove rosetellum rosette rosette cells rosette organ rosette plate rostral rostral bone rostral carina rostral cartilage rostral fenestra rostral filament rostral gland Rostratula benghalensis ROSTRATULIDAE rostrum rostrum corpus callosi rostrum sphenoidale Rosy Boa; Epicrates cenchria rot rot disease rotation rotator muscle; musculus rotator rotator prothoracis ROTATORIA rotatorium (pl.rotatoria) rotifer (s) ROTIFERA; ROTATORIA rotula rough ER rouleanx round dance of bees round foramen Round Island Boa; Casarea dussumier round ligament round pronator muscle; musculus pronator teres round spot round ulcer round window round worm Rous sarcoma virus royal jelly RQ; respiratory quotient rRNA r-selected strategies r-selection rubigenous rubro-spinal tract rudd rudderfishes Ruddy Turnstone Ruddy-breasted Crake rudiment rudimentary rudimentary cochlea; lagena rudimentary limb rudimentary organ rudimentary stigma rudimentary testis syndrome ruff Ruff rugae (pl. ruga) rugae vaginales rumen (pl.rumina); paunch ruminal surface ruminant RUMINANTIA rumination rumino-reticular rumino-reticular fold rumino-reticular groove rumino-reticular orifice rump Rupicapra Rupicapra pyrenaica(Rupicapra rupicapra) Rupicapra rupicapra ornata rupicolous ruptor ovi Russell's Viper; Vipera russelli; Vipera russellii siamensis rust disease rust fungi Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler rut rutinose rutting period RUVETTIDAE RYNCHOPIDAE PTERYGOTA S phase of mitosis SA node saber tibia sabertooth fishes saber-toothed cat Sabin vaccine sablefishes sabulous; sabulose; sabuline sac; saccus sac tube saccharic acid saccharides Saccharomyces saccharorrhea saccharose; sucrose saccharum lactis; lactose SACCOBRANCHIDAE Saccoglossus SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES SACCOPHARYNGOIDEI saccular saccular aneurism saccular maccula saccule (sacculus) saccule laryngeal; sacculus laryngis Sacculina sacculo-utrricular canal; ductus sacculus (pl.sacculi) saccus sacoharin sacral sacral articulation sacral foramen sacral plexus sacral region of spinal cord sacral rib sacral vertebrae Sacramento perch sacroiliac articulation SACROPHAGIDAE sacropubic diameter; conjugate diamenter sacrospinalis muscle; sacrosoinal muscle sacro-transverso-transversalis system sacrum (pl.sacra) SACTOPHAGIDAE saddle saddle joint saddle nose safranin Sagebrush Lizard; Sceloporus graciosus Saghatherium Sagitta ; arrow worm sagittal sagittal crest sagittal fissure sagittal groove sagittal plane sagittal section sagittal suture Saguinus Saguinus bicolor Saguinus leucopus Saguinus oedipus Saiga Saiga tatarica sailfishes Sailfin Lizard; Soa Soa; Hydrosaurus ambionensis Saimiri Saimiri oerstedii Saimiri sciureus Saissetia coffeae (Signoret) Saissetia hemisphaerica (Targioni-Tozzetti) salamander Salamandra SALAMANDRIDAE SALAMANDROIDEA SALANGIDAE Salanx acuticeps Salarias fasciatus SALDIDAE SALENTIA SALIENTIA salinity saliva salivarium salivary salivary (gland) chromosome salivary bulb; salituba salivary digestion salivary duct salivary gland salivary gland calculi salivary pump salivation Salk vaccine S-allele salmine Salmo salar salmon Salmonella Salmonella paratyphi A Salmonella typhosa salmon-flies SALMONIDAE SALMONIFORMES SALMONOIDEA Salmopercae Salmopercomorpha SALPIDA; HEMIMYARIA salpingian salpingitis salpingopharyngeal fold; plica pharyngotubalis salpinx; Eustachian tube; fallopian tube salt glands salt marsh saltation SALTATORIA saltatory saltatory appendage saltatory conduction saltatory evolution Salticus ; jumping spider saltigrade Saltwater Crocodile; Estuarine Crocodile; Crocodylus porosus saltwater fish salvarsan; arsphenamine Samaris cristatus Samariscus latus sampling error sampling probability San Jose scale sand dollars sand lances sand tigers sandburrowers sdanddivers sandflies Sandgrouse Sandhill Crane Sandipiper sandperches sandstone sandwich assay sandy beach community sandy soil Sanfillippo syndrome sanguicolous sanguie temperament sanguiferous sanguimotor sanguis; blood sanguivorous; sanguinevorous Sanzinia madagascariensis sap saphena saponification sapphism sapraphage; sapraphte sapremia; sap aemia saprobic saprobiont saprobiotic SAPROMYZIDAE saprophagous saprophilous saprophyte saprophytic saprophytic nutrition saprophytism saproplankton saprozoic nutrition SAPYGIDAE Sarcina sarcode SARCODINA sarcogenic sarcoid sarcoidosis sarcolemma sarcoma sarcomatrix sarcomere Sarcophaga SARCOPHAGIDAE sarcophagous Sarcophilus Sarcophilus Sarcophilus harrisi sarcoplasm sarcoplasmic reticulum SARCOPSYLLIDAE SARCOPTERYGII; CHOANICHTHYES Sarcoptes SARCOPTIDAE SARCOSPORIDIA sarcostyle; myofibrils Sarda orientalis Sardinella fimbriata Sardinella gibbosa Sardinella zunasi sardines Sardini Sargocentron diadema Sargocentron ittodai Sargocentron spiniferum Sargocentron spinosissimus SARODONTIDAE Sarotherodon mossambicus Sarotherodon niloticus sartorius muscle; musculus sartorius SARYRIDAE Sasakia charonda formosana sat-chromosome satellite satellite cell satellite DNA satellite vein satellitosis saturated fats saturation SATURNIDAE saturnism sauger SAURIA; LACERTILIA; Lizards Saurida elongata Saurida gracilis Saurida undosquamis sauries SAURISCHIA SAURIURAE Saurobatrachia saurognathous Sauromalus obesus ; Chuckwalla Sauromalus varius Sauromorphoidea SAUROPODA; SAUROPODOMORPH Sauropodomorph SAUROPSIDA SAUROPTERYGIA sausage-worm savanna saw guides sawflies saw-like saws saxicoline; saxicolous scab scabies scabrose scaber scala scala media scala tympani scala vestibuli scalariform scale scale insect scale rudiment scale; hardness scale; centigrade scale-hair scalene muscle; musculus scalinus scallops scalp scalpel scalpellus scalpriform scaly anteater; pangolin Scaly-foot Leg-less Lizard; Common Scaly-foot; Pygopus lepidopodus SCANDENTIA scanning scanning electron microscope SCANSORES scansorial leg scape (scapus) scapha SCAPHANDRIDAE SCAPHIDIIDAE scaphiform Scaphiopus Scaphites scaphium scaphognathite; bailler scaphoid (bone); os naviculare; cymbiform bone Scaphoideus festivus Matsumura scapholunatum; scapholunar Scaphonyx SCAPHOPODA scaplellum (pl.-lli) scapula (pl.scapulae) scapular bone scapular scapular area scapular bristle scapular portion scapular process scapular vein scapularia scapulet scapulocoracoid; os scapulocoracoideum scapulohumeralis anterior muscle scapus scapus pili scar scarabaeiform larva; melonlonthoid SCARABAEIDAE SCARIDAE scariose; scarious scarlet fever Scarus forsteri Scarus ghobban Scarus rubroviolaceus Scarus sordidus SCATOPHAGIDAE scatophagous Scatophagus argus scats scavenger scavenger cell Sceloporus graciosus ; Sagebrush Lizard Sceloporus malachiticus ; Malachite Spiny Lizard SCENOPINIDAE scent brush scent gland scent marking scent pore SCHILBIDAE SCHINDLERIIDAE schindylesis schistocytes Schistosoma schistosomiasis Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) Schizaphis piricola (Matsumura) schizocarp schizocoel; schizocele SCHIZOCOELA; SCHIZOCOELOMATA schizocoelous coelom schizogamy schizogenesis; schizogeny; schizogony schizognathous SCHIZOMYCOPHYTA SCHIZONEMERTINI; HETERONEMERTINI schizont schizopelmous schizophrenia schizopod stage Schneiderian membrane Schsenobius incertulas Walker; Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) Schwann cell SCIAENIDAE sciatic sciatic artery sciatic foramen sciatic nerve sciatic notch sciatic plexus sciatica; ischialgia scientific method scientific name SCINCIDAE Scinomorpha scintiscation counter scintiscanning scintiscanner SCIOMYZIDAE Scirpophaga excerptalis (Walker) Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker); Schsenobius incertulas Walker Scirpophaga nivella (Fabricius) scirrhous carcinoma Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood SCIURIDAE SCIUROMORPHA Sciurus Sciurus carolinensis scleral ring SCLERAXONIA sclere sclerite scleroblast scleroderma neonatorum SCLERODERMI scleroma (pl.scleromata) Scleropages formosus Scleroparei scleroprotein scleroseptum sclerosis sclerotic sclerotic cell change sclerotic coat sclerotics sclerotic plate sclerotium sclerotization sclerotomal cell; osteoblast sclerotomal sheath sclerotome sclerotome cells scobiform scobinate scobination scoerosis vascularis scoleciform SCOLECOMORPHIDAE Scolecophidia scolex (pl.scoleces) SCOLIIDAE Scoliodon laticaudus Scoliodontini SCOLOPACIDAE scolopale Scolopendra SCOLOPENDROMORPHA scolophore scolopophorus organ scolopophorus sensile Scolopsis bilineatus Scolopsis cancellatus Scolopsis vosmeri scolus SCOLYTIDAE Scolytus Scomber australasicus Scomber japonicus SCOMBERESOCIDAE Scomberomorini Scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus niphonius Scomberomorus sinensis SCOMBRIDAE scombrine Scombrini SCOMBROLABRACIDAE SCOMBROPIDAE scopa SCOPELARCHIDAE SCOPELMORPHA SCOPELOMORPHA SCOPELOSAURIDAE SCOPEUMATIDAE SCOPTANURA scopuliferous antenna scorbutus Scorpaena izensis Scorpaena neglecta Scorpaenodes neglecta Scorpaenopsis cirrhosa Scorpaenopsis diabolis SCORPIDIDAE scorpion scorpion fly scorpionfishes SCORPIONIDA Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister) scotoma (pl.scotomata); blind spot Scotophilus temminckii consobrinus scotopia scotopsin scraper screw-worm fly scrobiculus cordis scrotal scrotal fascia; fascia scroti scrotal ligament scrotal pouches scrotal raphe scrotal sac scrotum sculpins sculptured pupa scurvy; scorbutus scutellar margin SCUTELLERIDAE Scutellerinae scutelligerous scutellum scutes Scutiger schmidti Scutigera SCUTIGEROMORPHA Scutosaurus scutum SCYDMAENIDAE SCYLIORHINIDAE SCYLORHINIDAE scyphistoma (pl.scyphistomata); scyphula SCYPHOIMEDUSA scyphopolyp; scyphozoan polyp SCYPHOZOA scyphula (pl.scyphulae); scyphistoma SCYTALINIDAE sea anemones sea chub sea cow sea cucumbers sea fans sea gooseberry sea horse sea lamprey sea lilies sea lion sea otter sea slugs sea snakes sea spiders sea squirt sea star sea toads sea trenches sea trout spotted sea turtles sea urchin sea walnut sea whip seabasses seacatfishes seal seamoths SEARSIIDAE seasonal coloration seasonal cycle seasonal dimorphism seasonal form seasonal isolation seasonal migration seasonal polymorphism seasonal succession seasonal variation sebaceous cysts sebaceous gland SEBECOSUCHIA sebific gland; colleterial gland seborrhoeic dermatitis sebum sebum cutaneum sebum palpebrals Seckel syndrome; bird-headed dwarf secodont dentition second anal second antenna second basal cell second convoluted tubule second costal cell second division second dorsal second inner apical vein second intermediate host second jugal vein second lateral thoracic suture second maxilla second metaphase (M¢º) second oocyte; secondary oocyte second polar body; s. polocyte second posterior cell second somatoblasst second spermatocyte; secondary spermatocyte second submarginal nervure second trochanter second valvifers secondaries; cubitals secondary secondary adaptation secondary additional marking secondary amenorrhea secondary amniotic cavity secondary anal vein secondary body cavity secondary bone secondary branchial bar secondary bronchus secondary coelom secondary collecting duct secondary consumer secondary cortex secondary coverts secondary cuticula secondary ectoderm secondary egg membrane; chorion secondary follicle secondary growth secondary hypertension secondary induction secondary infection secondary mesoderm secondary metamorphosis secondary nasal cavity secondary oocyte secondary oogonium secondary oval foramen secondary polocyte; second polar body secondary protein structure secondary radials; infra-basals secondary segment secondary sensorium secondary setae secondary sex characteristics secondary spermatogonium secondary stomodaeum secondary succession secondary tentacle secondary trophoblast secondary tubercle secondary yolk cell secretin secretion secretion granule secretionary covering secretogogue; secretagogue secreto-inhibitory secretory secretory cell secretory cycle secretory epithelium secretory granule secretory tubule secretory vesicles section (L. sectio; pl. sectiones) section cutting section preparation sectorial sectorial chimaera sectorial cross-vein sectorial teeth; carnassial teeth sectoris coconis sectors secundarii secundarxil SEDENTARIA sedentary sedentary (sessile) benthos sedimentary rock sedimentation; ultracentrifuge Seessel's pocket; Seessel's pouch segmacoria; intersegmental membrane segment segmental segmental appendages segmental arteries segmental band segmental cavity; blastocoel; cleavage cavity segmental contraction segmental dorsum segmental duct; pronephric duct; archinephnio duct segmental ganglion segmental interchange segmental organ segmental papillae segmental plate segmental pleural area segmental static reflex segmental venter segmentation cavity; segmental cavity; blastocoel segmentation furrow segmentation nucleus segmentation sphere segmentation; cleavage segmented worms segmentum anale segregation segregation index segregation lag segregation; law of segregational sterility seismotropism SEISONACEA selachian stage SELACHII SELACHIMORPHA selection selection coefficient selection index selection theory selective breeding selective fertilization selective insecticide selective pressures selective reflection selective toxicity selective value selectively permeable membrane Selenanthias analis Selenarctos Selenarctos thibetanus Selenarctos thibetanus formosanus selenium selenodont SELENODONTIA selenotropism self compatible self differentiation self duplication self fertile self fertilization self mutilation self perception self pollination self pollution; masturbation self producing self sterility self-adaptation selfish-gene concept self-replication sella turcica sellar crest SEMAEOSTOMEAE SEMELIDAE semen; seminal fluid semicircular canals semicircular duct; ductus semicircularis semiconservative replication semidecussation semidifferentiated race semidominant semidouble circulation semi-lethal gene semilunar bone semilunar canal semilunar crest semilunar fold semilunar ganglion semilunar notch semilunar spot; crescent semilunar valve semilunar semimembranosus muscle; musculus semimembranosus seminal seminal ducts; vasa differentia seminal fluid; semen seminal groove seminal hillock seminal receptacle seminal vesicle semination seminiferous tubule seminoma seminymph SEMIONOTIDAE SEMIONOTIFORMES SEMIONOTOIDEA semioval center semipalmate foot semiparasitism semipermeable semipermeable membrane semiplacenta semiplacenta diffusa semiplacenta multiplex semiplantigrade semipupa; pseudopupa; subnymph semispinal muscle; musculus spinalis semitendinosus muscle Sendai virus (HVJ) senescence senile senile arteriosclerosis senile dementia senile plaque senility sensation sense sense bud; protaesthesis sense capsule sense cone sense dome; sensillum campaniformium sense hair sense organ sense papillae sense plate sense pore sense vesicle sensibility sensillum (pl.sensilla) sensillum basiconicum sensillum campaniformium; sense dome sensillum chacticum sensillum squamiformium sensillum trichodeum sensitive sensitive period sensitive volume sensitization sensitizing antibody sensorium sensory antennae sensory area sensory behavior sensory bristle sensory cell sensory cilia sensory cortex sensory fiber sensory hair sensory layer sensory nerve sensory nerve ending sensory neuron sensory pits sensory placode sensory receptors sensory root separated plasma Sepia SEPIIDAE SEPSIDAE septal septal fenestra septal filament septal neck septem pellucidum; s.lucidum SEPTIBRANCHIA septic septicemia septomaxillaries septula (pl.septulae) septulm testis septum (pl.septa) septum transversum sequence hypothesis sere sergeant-majors serial section seriate sericeous¡Fsericate sericulture serific gland serine sero-amnion cavity sero-amnion connection; sero-amnion raphe sero-amniotic sero-amniotic connexion; amniotic isthmus; sero-amniotic isthmus; sero-amniotic seroglobulin seroglycoid seroimmunity serological serological diagnosis serological genetics serological reaction serological specificity serology serosa; serous membrane; tunica serose Serotonin; 5-HT serotypes serous serous alveoli serous cystadenoma serous gland serous inflammation serous membrane; serosa serovaccine; serovaccin Serpentes SERPENTES; OPHIDIA snakes serpent-flies; snake-flies SERRANIDAE serranids serrate serratus muscle; musculus sereatus serriferous Serrivomer SERRIVOMERIDAE Sertoli cell; foot cell serum (pl. sera) serum albumin serum diagnostics serum globulin serum inspissator serum osmolarity serum therapy Sesamia inferens (Walker) sesamoid bone; os sesamoideum SESIIDAE sesquidiplod sessil sessil eye sessil organism seston seta (pl.setae); chaeta setaceous setiferous sense organ setiferous tubercle setigerous; setiferous chaetiferous setigerous cell setigerous sac setigerous tubercle setobranchia seven pacer seventeen-year cicada sex sex attractant sex cell cord sex cell ridge sex cell; germ cell; genital cell sex characteristics sex chromosome sex controlled inheritance sex determination sex differentiation sex digamety sex gland sex heterozygote sex hormone sex index sex influenced traits sex limited inheritance sex linked inheritance sex monogamety sex organ sex polygamety sex ratio sex reversal sex sense sex steroid sex transformation sexduction sex-linked characteristics sextuberculate sextuploidy sexual sexual activity sexual balance sexual behavior sexual cell; sex cell sexual cord; genital cord; spermatic cord sexual cycle sexual differentiation sexual dimorphism sexual dysfunction sexual generation sexual gland sexual infantilism sexual instinct sexual isolation sexual maturation sexual mosaic; gynandromorph sexual parasitism sexual polymorphism sexual precocity sexual preference sexual reaction sexual reflex sexual reproduction sexual selection sexual sensation sexual stage sexual valence sexuality (relative) sexually transmitted disease (STD'S) sexuparous Seymouria Seymouriamorpha shads shaft of antenna shaft of bone; diaphysis shaft; rachis shagreen shaking palsy; paralysis agitans Shanghai Elegant Skink; Eumeces elegans shank; crus shark shark-sucker Sharp-tailed Worm Lizard; TROGONOPHIDAE SHBG; sex hormone-binding globulin Shearwater sheatfishes sheath sheath of Henle sheath of notochord sheath of Schwann; neurilemma sheath of spermtube sheepshead sheep-tick shell shell gland; indamental gland shell membrane shellae shield; carapace shin bone; tibia Shingle-back Skink; Trachydosaurus rugosus Shinisaurus crocodilurus ; Chinese Crocodile Lizard shipworm Shivaphis celti Das shock shorebird short ciliary nerve short crus short digital extensor muscle; musculus short peroneal muscle; musculus peroneus brevis short seamoidean ligaments; ligmenta short stature short-day plant Short-eared Owl Short-legged Japalura; Japalura brevipes shortening reaction shoulder shoulder blade shoulder girdle; pectoral girdle shoulder joint shovel shrew shrimpfishes shrimps shrub shrub formation SIADH; syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion SIALIDAE sialidosis sialisterium; salivery gland Siamese fighting fishes Siamese twins sib mating sib(s); sibling(s) sibling species; cryptic species sibling; sib Siboglinum Sibynophis chinensis Sibynophis chinensis chinensis; Chinese Many-tooth Snake Sibynophis collaris Sibynophis collaris formosensis siccant syndrome sick euthyroid syndrome sickle cell anemia side of nose; alae nasi side piece Side-blotched Lizard; Uta stansburiana side-chain theory sieve plate; stigma lip sieve (tube) element SIGANIDAE Siganus argenteus Siganus fuscescens Siganus oramin sight Sigmodon Sigmodon hispidus sigmoid sigmoid flexure sigmoid gyrus sigmoidea SIGMURETHRA sign stimuli signal processor signal sequence signal transduction signum bursae silicon dioxide siliqua silk gland silk press silk reservoirs silk worm silk worm moth Silonia SILPHIDAE Silurian period SILURIDAE SILURIFORMES Silver Eyes silver fish silver impregnation silver nitrate silversides silvicolous SIMIAE simian SIMIIDAE Simmond's disease simpex uterus simple 3-carbon compound simple acinous gland; simple alveolar gland simple antenna simple atrophy simple columnar ciliated epithelium simple columnar epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium simple epithelium simple ester bond simple eye; ocellus simple fracture simple fruit simple gastric ulcer simple gland simple glaucoma simple idiopathic purpura simple leaf simple metamorphosis simple ocellus simple regression simple squamous epithelium simple translocation simple tubular gland simplex simplex group of chromosome SIMPLICIDENTATA SIMULIIDAE simultaneous adaptation simultaneous immunization Sinanthropus pekinensis sinciput single single circulation single cross single crossing over tetrad single crossing-over single-gene heterosis single-photon absorptiometry sinistral sinistrocaudad sinistrocephalad sink sinking type sino-atrial node sino-atrial region sino-auricular node; sino-atrial node; pacemaker Sinogastromyzon puliensis Sinomegoura citricola (van der Goot) Sinonatrix annularis ; Asiatic Banded Water Snake; Ringed Water Snake Sinonatrix percarinata ; Asiatic White-belly Water Snake; Eastern Water Snake sinus (pl. sinuses) sinus aorta; aortic sinus sinus circularis sinus communicans sinus coronarius sinus dorsalis sinus gland sinus of Valsava; aortic sinus sinus penumatici sinus rectus sinus sagittalis sinus system sinus terminalis sinus transversus sinus venosus sinusoid Siphamia fuscolineata siphon SIPHONAPTERA SIPHONARIIDAE SIPHONARIOIDEA siphoning type SIPHONODENTALLIDAE Siphonognathus SIPHONOPHORA siphonostele siphuncle SIPHUNCULATA; ANOPLURA siphunculate SIPUNCULIDEA Sipunculus Sirembo imberbis Siren SIRENIA SIRENIDAE SIRICIDAE siricin SIRICOSTOMATIDAL Siskins SISOTIDAE sister chromatids sister chromosome sister strand crossing over SISYRIDAE Sitobion ibarae (Matsumura); Macrosiphum rosaeibarae Matsumura Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) sitosterol Sitotroga cerealella Olivier situs inversus viscerum Sivapithecus Sivatherium six-hooked larva; onchosphere skates skein; spireme skeletal skeletal age skeletal dysplasia skeletal muscle skeletal system skeletogenous region skeletogenous septum skeletogenous sheath; sclerotomal sheath skeleton skeleton appendiculare skeleton axiale skeleton extremitatis inferioris skeleton extremitatis superioris Skeneinae skilfish Skimmer skin skin beetle skin gill skin papillae skinfold thickness skink skotoplankton skototaxis Skua skull skull cup skull fin cartilage skunk Skylarks sleep sleep centre sleep reflex sleepers sleeping sickness slender slender fasciculus; fasciculus gracilis slender muscle; musculus gracilis slickheads sliding-filament theory slime slime cell slime gland slime layer slime mold slime sac slime tube slimeheads sloth slowworms slug small brain; cerebellum small Chinese civet small cornu; cornu minus small cross vein small Formosan flying squirrel small intestine small middle dorsal metatarsal vein small multangular bone; os multangulum minus small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) small nuclear RNA (snRNA) small pastern bone small saphenous vein; vena saphana parva small summer egg small superficial petrosal nerve; nervus smaller renal calyces smallpox smegma of propuce; smegma praeputii smell smelt smelts smelt-whitings Sminthopsis longicaudata Sminthopsis psammophila SMINTHURIDAE smooth dogfishes smooth ER Smooth Green Snake; Cyclophiops major Smooth Helmeted lguana; Helmeted Basilisk; Corytophanes cristatus smooth muscle smut disease snaggletooths snailfishes snails snakeheads Snakes; SERPENTES snakes venom serum snappers snapping joint snapping turtle sneezing reflex snipefishes snooks snout snow formation snow leopard snowshoe hare Snowy Owl Soa Soa; Sailfin Lizard; Hydrosaurus ambionensis soapfishes soaring flying social social Darwinism social dominance social insects social polymorphism social symbiosis sockets sockeye sodium bicarbonate sodium cyanide sodium diuresis sodium escape sodium fluoride sodium iodide sodium lauryl sulfate sodium potassium pump sodium pump and neural transmission sodium restriction sodium stearate soft cartilage soft commissure soft pseudocartilage soft ray Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) soil biota soil funna sol solar eclipse solar energy solar plexus solar radiation solar system soldier caste soldierfishes sole horn; subunguis sole plate sole surface Solea solea SOLECURTIDAE Soleichthys heterorhinos SOLEIDAE SOLEMYIDAE SOLEMYOIDA SOLEMYOIDEA solenia SOLENICHTHYS SOLENIDAE solenocytes Solenodon SOLENODONTIDAE Solenodonsaurus solenoglyphic teeth SOLENOIDEA SOLENOSTOMIDAE Solenostomus cynopterus Solenostomus paradoxus soles solid solid edema solid medium solid solution solid spine solidification solid-phase solitary solitary cell solitary gland (or follicle) solitary life solitary lymph nodules solitary wasps Solo man SolomonIsland Skink; Corucia zebrata SOLPUGIDA solubility soluble RNA; transfer RNA; tRNA solution solvent soma somaesthesis somaesthetic area somaplasm; somatoplasm somatic somatic antigen somatic apogamy somatic branch somatic cell; body cell somatic crossing-over somatic doubling somatic induction somatic layer somatic loop somatic meiosis somatic metosis somatic motor column somatic muscle somatic nerve somatic nervous system somatic peritoneum somatic plate somatic sensory column somatic sensory fiber somatic stalk somatic synapsis somatic umbilicus somatic variation somatic vessel; somatic branch; parietal branch somatoblast somatocrinin somatocyte; somatic cell somatoderm somatogenesis somatology somatomammotropic cell somatomammotropic hormone somatomdins somatomedin-C somatoplasm; somaplasm somatopleure; somatic mesoderm; parietal mesoderm somatostatin; SS somatostatin analog somatostatinoma somatotheca somatotrop; somatotropic cell somatotrophic hormone; somatotropin somatotropic cell somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone; SRIH somatotropin-releasing hormone; SRH somite; metamere sonochemical songbird sonogram sonography SOOGLOSSIDAE sorbitol sorbose soredium Sorex Sorex paradoxus SORICIDAE Soriculus Soriculus fumidus SOROSICHTHYIDAE SOS signal sound sound muscle sound producing organ sound reception sounding board Sousa chinensis South China Brown Wood Owl South China Forest Skink; Sphenomorphus incognitus South China Green Snake; Cyclophiops major south Chinese little button-quail south snake south-east bay-bellied squirrel south-east Formosan red-bellied tree squirrel Southern Alligator Lizard; Gerrhonotus multicarinatus southern ape Sozura space biology spadefishes spadefoots spanandry spanogamy SPARIDAE sparoid scales sparrows Sparus aurata Sparus latus Sparus macrocephalus Sparus sarba spasmus; crampus spasticity Spatangus spatha spatium (pl.spatia) spatulate spawning spaying; ovariectomy spearfishes specfic feeder special special creation special somatic sensory special visceral motor specialization speciation species species complex; collective species species hybrid specific activity specific antigen specific dynamic action specific gravity specific heat specific linkage specific name specific phase specific rotation specificity specimen Speckled Worm Lizard; Amphiesbaena fuliginosa Spectacled Caiman; American Caiman; Caiman crocodilus spectacled toad; Bufo melanostictus spectrophotometry spectrum spectrum of resistance spectrum of variation spectrum; electroma gnetic speculum spelaeozoology Speothos venaticus sperm agglutinin; agglutinatin substance sperm ampullae sperm cells sperm centrosome sperm duct; spermaduct; spermaductus sperm funnels sperm mother cell; spermatocyte sperm nucleus sperm penetration sperm receptacles sperm receptor sperm reservoir sperm sac; seminal vesicle sperm suspension sperm tube sperm tubule sperm whale sperm; spermatozoon sperma semen spermagonium; spermatogonium; spermogonium spermaphile sidechain; spermaphile spermary; testis; antheridium spermatheca (pl.spermathecae) spermathecal spermathecal duct spermathecal gland spermathecal opening spermatic spermatic cord; genital cord; sexual cord spermatic duct spermatic nerve spermatocyte; sperm mother cell spermatogenesis spermatogenic spermatogonia spermatogonium (pl.spermatogonia); spermatggnium spermatology spermatomerites spermatophobia spermatophore cup spermatophore sac spermatophore; spermatiophore spermatozoa; spermatozoon spermatozoid spermatozoid nucleus spermatozon (pl.spermatozoa); sperm spermatozoon; spermatozoa spermicidal jelly spermiocyte; primary spermatocyte spermiogenesis; spermatogenesis spermism; animaculism spermoblast; spermatid spermocenter spermogamete; microgamete Spermophilus Spermophilus tridecemlineatus spermatid; young spermatozoon SPERPENTIFORMES SPHAERIIDAE SPHAERIOIDEA SPHARGIDAE S-phase of interphase SPHECIDAE SPHENACODONTIA SPHENISCIDAE SPHENISCIFORMES Sphenurus formosae SPHENOCEPHALIDAE SPHENOCEPHALOIDEI Sphenodon Sphenodon punctatum Sphenodon punctatus ; Tuatara SPHENODONTIDAE sphenoethmoid commissure sphenoethmoid; os sphenoethmoidale sphenoid sinus sphenoid; os spheroidale sphenoidal sphenoidal concha sphenoidal fissure sphenoidal notch sphenoidal sinus sphenoidal tongue sphenoidalia spheno-laterals; pleurosphenoids Sphenomorphus boulengeri Sphenomorphus incognitus ; South China Forest Skink Sphenomorphus indicus ; Indian Forest Skink; Brown Forest Skink Sphenomorphus indicus formosensis Sphenomorphus taiwanensis ; Taiwan alpine skink; Taiwan forest skink Sphenomorphus taiwanensis ; Taiwan Alpine Skink; Taiwan Forest Skink sphenoparietal sinus Sphenosuchus sphenotic (bone) spherical abberration spherical recess spheridia bone spheroid colony sphincter muscle sphincter pupillae muscle SPHINDIDAE SPHINGIDAE Sphinginae sphingolipid sphingolipidosis sphingomyelin sphingosine sphinx moth sphygmogram sphygmograph sphygmomanometer Sphyraena barracuda Sphyraena flavicauda Sphyraena japonica Sphyraena jello Sphyrna lewini Sphyrna zygaena SPHYRNIDAE spicular system spicule; spiculum spider angioma spider cell; fibrous astrocyte spider crab spider monkeys spiderfishes spike spikefishes Spilogale Spilogale putorius Spilornis cheela spiloma; spilus; nevus Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick spina (E. spine) spina lateralis spina marginalis spina media spinacin spinal spinal accessory nerve spinal anesthesia spinal arachnoidea; arachnoidea spinalis spinal canal; canalis spinalis; vertebral canal spinal column; vertebral column spinal cord; medulla spinalis spinal dura meter spinalis spinal fluid rhinorrhea spinal foramen; foramen spinosum spinal ganglion; ganglion spinalis spinal muscle; musculus spinalis spinal nerves; nervi spinales spinal pia mater; pia mater spinalis spinal root; radix spinalis spinasternum spindle spindle cell spindle fiber spindle fiber locus; centrosome spindle fibers of muscle spindle pole spine spine duct spine of scapula; spina scapulae spiniform spinitis spinneret spinning bristle spinning gland spinning styles spino-occipital nerve Spinosaurus spino-spinalis system spino-transversalis system spinous spinous country-rat spinous dorsal spinous layer spinous process spino-vestibular nucleus spinule SPINULOSA spiny anteater spiny eels spinyfins spiracle spiracular spiracular atrium spiracular depression spiracular furrow spiracular gill; pseudobranch spiracular plate spiracular pouch spiracular trunk spiradema; spiradenoma spiral spiral canal of cochlea; canalis spiralis spiral cleavage spiral fiber spiral filament spiral fold spiral ganglion spiral lamina; lamina spiralis spiral ligament of cochlea; ligamentum spiral tongue spiral twisting spiral type spiral valve spiralia spiraster spire spireme spireme thread spirignatha; spiritrompe spirilla Spirillum spiritrompe; spirignatha Spirochaeta; Spirocheta spirochaetal; spirochetal spirochaetal disease spirochaetal jaundice spirochaetosis spirochetes spirometer spirometry spironeme spirophorus spiroscopy SPIROTRICHA Spirotrichonympha SPIRURIDA spittle spittle gland spittle insect; spittle bug Spizaetus nipalensis splanchncnoel; coelom; coelomic cavity splanchnic splanchnic branch splanchnic ganglion; ganglion splanchnicum splanchnic layer splanchnic loop splanchnic mesoderm; splanchnopleure splanchnic muscle splanchnic nerve; nervus splanchnicus splanchnic peritoneum; peritonaeum viscerale splanchnic stalk splanchnic vessel splanchnocranium; viscereeranium splanchnocyte; chromophil leucocyte splanchnology spleen spleen lobule spleen pulp cord spleen trabecula splenial (bone); os splenials splenic splenic anemia splenic cell; splenocyte splenic cord splenic lymph nodules splenic organ splenic plexus splenic pulp splenic sinus splenitis splenius muscle; musculus splenius splenization splenocyte; splenic cell splint bone Spodoptera litura (Fabricius); Prodenia litura (Fabricius) spondyl; vertebra; spondylus SPONDYLIDAE spondylosis spondylous sponges SPONGIARIA spongicolous spongiform spongilla flies SPONGILLIDAE spongin spongioblast spongioblastoma spongiocoel; spongocoel spongiocyte spongioplasm; spongioplasma spongiotrophoblast; spongioblast spongocoel; spongiocoel spongy spongy body of urethra spongy layer; stratum spongiosum spongy parenchyma spongy substance; cancellous substance spongy tissue spontaneous spontaneous fracture spontaneous generation spontaneous hemorrhage spontaneous mutation spontaneous pneumothorax spookfishes spoon Spoonbill Spooted Dove sporadic sporadic disease sporadic migration sporadic parthenogenesis spore spore formation spore mother cell spore reproduction sporoblast sporocyst sporocyte sporogenesis; gamogony; sporogony sporogony; sporogenesis sporoid sporokinete sporont sporosac sporotheca SPOROZOA sporozoite; merizoit; amphigonical gymnospore sport sporulation; sporogenesis Spot-billed Duck spotted fever Spotted Lerista; Lerista punctatovittata Spotted Owl Spotted Scops Owl Spratelloides gracilis spray spreading factor Springeratus xanthosoma Springeria melanosoma springin organ; furcula springtail sprinkling spur spur formula spur vein spurious spurious cell spurious leg spurious ocellus spurious pregnancy; pseudopregnency; phantom pregnancy spurious suture spurious vein SQUALIDAE SQUALIFORMES Squalini Squalodont Squalus acanthias Squalus megalops squama SQUAMATA SQUAMIPENNES squamopygidium squamosal (bone); os squamosum squamous epithelium squamulae Square-head snake; Taiwan tree snake; Boiga kraepelini squaretails squash bug Squatina formosa Squatina japonica Squatina nebulosa Squatina tergocellatoides SQUATINIDAE squeakers squids squirrel monkey squirrelfishes squirrel SRIF; somatotropin release-inhibiting factor S-RNA (solube RNA) stabbers stabilizing selection stable; stabile stable community stable equilibrium stable fly stable maximum Stachyris ruficeps stadium (pl.stadia); instar; stage stage staghorn stone stagnant evolution stagnophil staining staircase of tympanum; scala tympani staircase of vestibuli; scala vestibuli stalagmometer stalk stalk section effect stalked hydatid standard standard deviation standard diet standard error standard solution standard variety standardization Standford-Binet test standing crop stapedial stapedial plate stapedius muscle staphylinid type STAPHYLINIDAE STAPHYLINOIDEA staphylococcal infection Staphylococcus Staphylococcus auresus starch starch builder; leucoplast starch grain starch sheath starfish stargazers Starling's law of the heart start condon star-tortoise starvation stasis static static equilibrium static organ static sense static spot stationary stationary parasitism stationary period stationary pronucleus statistical statistical genetics statistical method statistical population statistics statoacoustic organ statoblast statocone statocyst statocyte statolith statoreceptor statorhabd stature staurigamia STAUROMEDUSAE steam sterilizer stearic acid stearin steatocyte Steatornis caripensis STEATORNITHIDAE Steere's Liocichla Stegates altus Stegates nigricans STEGOCEPHALIA Stegocephalis Stegoceras stegocrotaphic skull Stegodon Stegolophodon STEGOSAURIA Stegosaurus STEGOSELACHII Stegostoma fasciatum stellate stellate cell stellate ganglion stellate nerves stellate reticulum stelocyttares stem stem body stem bud stem cell stem mother stem of epiglottis stemma Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall) Stenella attenuata Stenella coeruleoalba Stenella longirostris Steno bredanensis STENOGLOSSA¡@(=NEOGASTROPODA) stenohyline STENOLAEMATA stenomylines stenopterous Stenopterygii Stenopterygius Stenosaurus stenosis stenothermic organism stenothorax STENSIOELLIFORMES Stentor step allele step allelomorphism STEPHANIDAE STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES Stephanitis typica (Distant) Stephanolepis cirrhifer Stephanolepis japonicus steppe stepping reflex stepwise resistance stercobilin stercobilinogen stercoral pouch STERCORARIIDAE stercoricolous stereoblastula stereognosis stereokinesis; thigmotaxis stereoneurula stereoplasm stereoscopic vision STEREOSPONDYLI stereospondylous vertebra stereotaxis stereotropism stereozone sterile; aseptic sterile abscesses sterility sterilization sterna (pl. of sternum) Sterna albifrons Sterna anaethetus Sterna hirundo Sterna zimmermanni sternal sternal apophysis sternal articulation sternal extremity; extremitas sternalis sternal laterale sternal line; liea sternalis sternal longilndinal muscle sternal lymph gland; lymphoglandula sternalis sternal muscle sternal plica sternal rib; costa sternalis sternal spatula sternal sternellum sternebra (pl.sternebrae) STERNIDAE sternite Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius) sternocleidomastoid muscle sternocoxal sternohyoid muscle; muscle sternohyoideus sternomastoid muscle; muscle sternomastoideus sterno-pedal muscle sternoplerual sternopleural muscle sternopleural sternothyroideus STERNOPTYCHIDAE Sternoptychinae STERNOPYGIDAE STERNORRHYNCHA sternum (pl.sterna) steroid steroid hormone steroidogenesis sterols steroraceous sterospondyls Sterrhinae Stethojulis bandanensis Stethojulis interrupta Stethojulis trilineata STH (somatotrophic hormone) STICHAEIDAE Stichaeini stickleback and sign stimuli sticklebacks stigma (pl.stigmata) stigma lip stigma plate stigma vein stigmatiferous stilbestrol Stilts stimulating factor (GM-CFS) stimulation stimulus (pl.stimuli) stingrays stink stink gland Stink Rat Snake; Elaphe carinata stinkgin green snake stipes stipital stipital region; prememtum; stipulae stipital suture stipitate stipulae STIRODONTA stirrups; stapes stock culture Stokes-Adams disease STOLEPHORIDAE Stolephorini Stolephorus commersonii Stolephorus indicus stolon stolonial budding STOLONIFERA stolonization stoma (pl. stomata) stomach stomach intestine stomach poison stomachic ganglion stomachus cardiacus stomachus chylus stomachus pyloricus stomata stomatitis stomato-gastric ganglion stomato-pharyngeal cavity STOMATOPODA stomatotheca Stomias affinis STOMIATIDAE STOMIATIFORMES stomidium STOMIIDAE STOMIIFORMES STOMIOIDEA stomochord stomodeum; stomodaeum stomogastric; stomata-gastric stomogastric nervous system STOMOXYIDAE stone age stone canal stone fly stonecat stop condon Storks Storm-petrels strabismus; crooked eyes straggler straight collecting tubulus straight sesamoidea ligament; ligamentum straight sinus; sinus rectus strain strainers strata; geological stratification stratified stratified columnar ciliated epithelium stratified columnar epithelium stratified epithelium stratified squamous epithelium stratiform STRATIOMYIDAE STRATIOMYIIDAE stratose stratum (pl. strata) stratum cinereum stratum circulare stratum compactum stratum cylindricum stratum externum stratum fibrosum stratum granulosum stratum griseum stratum internum stratum lucidum stratum malpighii stratum papillare stratum pigmenti stratum reticulare; tunica propria stratum spinosum stratum vasculosum Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler Streak-throated Fulvetta stream rapids community streaming movement streams STREBLIDAE strength duration curve strength of linkage streotropism streped cucumber beetle strepsinema STREPSIPTERA strepsitene stage streptidine Streptobacillus Streptococcus streptoline glutinant streptolysin Streptomyces streptomyces aureofaciens streptomyces griseus streptomyces lavandules streptomyces rinosus streptomyces venezulae streptomycin STREPTONEURA Streptopelia chinensis Streptopelia tranquebarica streptose streptospondylous articulation streptostylic streptozotocin stress stria (pl.striae) striated striated border striated lamella striated muscle; striped muscle striated zone striation striatum corpora stridulating organ stridulating sound STRIGIDAE STRIGIFORMES strigose ventral area string galvanometer striola; striole Striped Coral Snake; Taiwan Coral Snake; Hemibungarus sauteri Striped Keelback; Flower-waved Snake; Amphiesma stolatum Striped Racer; Beauty Snake; Elaphe taeniura striped red snake Striped Water Snake; Checkered Keelback; Xenochrophis piscator Strix leptogrammica Strix occidentalis strobila (pl.strobilae) strobilation; strobilization stroke stroke volume stroma (pl. stromata) stroma cell stroma of iris; s. iridis stroma of ovary; s. ovarii stroma vitreum stromal hyperplasia STROMATEIDAE Stromateoides argenteus stromatin STRONBIDAE STRONBOIDEA Strongylocentrotus Strongyloides Strongylura leiura leiura Strongylura strongylura strontium-90 Strophidon brummeri Strophidon ui structural structural adaptation structural color structural formulas structural gene structural heterozygote structural mutation structural proteins struggle for survival; struggle for existence struma struma granulomatosa struma lymphomatosa struma ovarii Strunius Struthio camelus STRUTHIONIDAE STRUTHIONIFORMES stufenreihe Stump-toed Dtella; Four-clawed Gecko; Flat-tailed Gecko; Gehyra mutilata sturgeon sturine STURNIDAE Styela STYLASTERIDA STYLASTERINA stylate STYLEPHORIDAE styles stylet stylet sac stylet sheath styliform appendage styloconic sensilla stylo-hyoideus muscle styloid styloid process STYLOMMATOPHORA STYLOPHORA STYLOPIDAE stylopolium Stylops stylus (pl.styli) stylus process; styliform process subacute inflammation subacute thyroiditis subalar subalar muscle subalar sclerite subalpine zone subanal plate subantarctic African province subantennal suture subaortic stenosis subapical lobe subarachnoid subarachnoid cisterns subarachnoid hemorrhage subarachnoid space subbuccal gland; subpharyngeal body subcallosal gyurs subcardinal vein; vena subcardinalis subcardo subchela subchromatid subclass subclavate subclavian subclavian artery; arteria subclavia subclavian vein; vena subclavia subclimax community subclinical infection subclypeal pump subclypeal tube subcommissural organ (SCO) subcoracoscapularis muscle subcosta subcostal subcostal area subcostal artery; arteria subcostalis subcostal cross vein subcostal muscle; muscle subcostales subcostal nerve; n. subcostalis subcostal vein subcoxa subcoxal pleurite subcutaneous subcutaneous bursa subcutaneous fascia subcutaneous inguinal ring subcutaneous injection subcutaneous layer subcutaneous lymph sac subcutaneous tissue subcuticula subcutis subdominant species subdorsal line subdural abscess subdural space; cavum subdurale subepidermal plexus SUBERGORGIIDAE subfamily subfascial bursae subfornical organ (SFO) subfossorial leg subgalea subgenal subgenus subgerminal cavity; blastocoel subiculum promontorii sub-imago subintegumental scolophore subintestinal system of veins subjugular subjugular fin subkingdom subliminal subliminal excitation subliminal fringe subliminal stimulus sublingual sublingual arch sublingual duct sublingual gland sublittoral sublittoral zone sublittrol community sublobular vein sublumbar muscle submandibalar duct; submaxillary duct submandibular submarginal submarginal area submarginal cell submarginal nervue submarginal tubercle submarginal vein submaxillary submaxillary ganglion submaxillary gland submental submentum submicroscopic submucosa (pl.submucosae); submucous layer submucous submucous layer; submucosa submucous plexus subnasal bar subnekton subneural blood vessel subnodus subnymph; semi-pupa; pseudo pupa subocular subocular arch subocular shelf subocular suture suboesophageal ganglion suboesophageal gland subopercle suboperculum suborbital stay suborder subperitoneal ribs subpharyngeal ganglion subphrenic subphylum subpulmonary subradius subscaphium subscapular subscapularis muscle; subscapular muscle subsere subspecies subsphenoid canal; alar canal; pterygoid foramen subspiracular subspiracular line subspiracular posterior tubercle substance P substantia substernal mass substigmal cell substitute substitute community substitute king substitute queen substitute reproductive cast substitute royal form substitution bone substitution hyploid substratum subtarsal ligament subtemporal (bone) subtemporal vacuity subtentacula SUBTERBRANCHIALIA subterminal subterminal line subterminal mouth subterminal space subterranean animals subthalamus; hypothalamus subtidal subtidal community subtidal line subtidal zone subtropical subtropical forest subtropical rain forest subtropical zone subulicorn antenna subumbrella subunguis (pl.subungues) SUBUNGULATA subungulates suburethral diverticulum subventral subventral line subventral space subventral tubercle subvertebral subvertebral ganglion subvertebral muscle subvertebral space subvital gene subvitaminosis subvola subzonal layer succession succession; theory succession; year succinate succincti succinic acid succinylglycine succulent succus sucker; acetabulus suckers sucking sucking action sucking beak sucking disc sucking jaw sucking louse (pl. lice) sucking mouth parts sucking pump sucking reflex sucking stomach sucking type suckling sucrose; saccharose SUCTORIA suctorial mouth parts; sucking mouth parts suctorial type sudor sudoriferous sudorifica sudoriparous gland; sweat gland Sufflamen bursa Sufflamen chrysopterus Sufflamen fraenatus Sufo superciliaris sugar acids sugar alcohols sugar esters sugar tolerance curve Suggrundus macracanthus Suggrundus meerdervoorti SUIDAE SUINA sulcate sulcus (pl. sulci) sulcus terminalis sulcus terminalis anterior sulcus terminalis posterior sulfa drugs; sulfonamides sulfadiaxine; sulfapyrimidine sulfaguanidine; sulfanilyl guanidine monohydrate sulfamerazine; z-sulfanilamide-4-methylpyrimidine sulfamethazine; sulfamezathine sulfanilamide; p-aminobenzine-sulfonamide sulfasuxidine; succinylsulfathiazole sulfate ion sulfate ion in urine sulfathiazole; p-aminobenzene sulfonamidothiazole sulfatide sulfide sulfonamides; sulfa drugs sulfonylurea sulfur bacteria SULIDAE sulphemoglobin; sulfhemoglobin sulphmethemoglobin; sulfmethemoglobin sulphur bacteria sulphur; sulfur summatin summatin interval summatin of contraction summatin of stimuli summatin of temperature summer egg summer form summer plankton summer plumage summer rash summer stagnation Sun Beam Snake; Xenopeltis unicolor sunbath sunburn Suncus Suncus etruscus Suncus murinus SUNDASALANGIDAE Sunettinae sunfever; dengue sunfish sunfishes sunlight treatment; heliotherapy sunstroke supercilia (sing. lrim) superciliary superciliary arches superciliary ridge supercilium (pl.supercilrim) superclass superfamily superfemales superfetation; supereamtion superficial superficial branch; rimus superficialis superficial cervical lymph gland superficial cleavage; S. division superficial fascia; superficialis superficial flexor superficial germ band superficial meroblastic cleavage; s. cleavage superficial palmar branch; ramus volaris superficial pelagic zone superficial seasmoidean ligament; straight superfoetation; superfetation supergene supergenus supericornia superinfection superior superior antenna superior appendage superior colliculi; colliculus rostralis superior commissuer; commisura dorsalis superior common ligament; ligamentum superior concha superior dermopharyngeals superior epigastric artery; arteria superior gluteal nerve; nervus glutaeus cranialis superior hemorrhoidal artery; arteria superior lobe superior meatus of nose; meatus nasi superior superior mesenteric vein; venamesenterica superior nuchal line; linea nuchalis terminalis superior ovary superior retractor superior tentorial attachment superior trapezius muscle; musculus trapezius superior turbinated bone; os turbinatum dorsale; concha nasalis superior superior twin muscle; musculus gemellus superior spinalis superior umbilicus superior vena cava; precava; anterior vena cava; cranialis superior vermis superior wings; fore wings superlinguae supermale supernumerary supernumerary breast supernumerary carpal bone supernumerary cell supernumerary chromosome supernumerary cross vein supernumerary nuclei supernumerary segment superorder superparasitism; hyperparasitism superposition eye superposition image supersonic vibration supinator suppressor supplemental air supplemental anal loop supplementary supplementary eye supplementary genes supplementary sector supplementary value of protein supplemented medium supporting cell supporting film supporting tissue suppressor T cell suppuration suppurative arthritis suppurative myocarditis suppurative supra-acromial supra-alar supra-alar bristle supra-alar groove s. cavity supra-alar plate; supra-analis; supanal supra-anal; suranal supra-anal appendage; superior appendage supra-anal hook supra-anal pad; s. membrane supra-angular; surangular supra-auricular supra-branchial supra-branchial organr supra-branchial placode; epiomanchial placode supra-branchial shamber supracallosal sulcus supracardinal vein; vena supracardinalis supraclypeus supracoccipital bone supracondyloid fossa supracoracoid fenestra supracoracoid foramen supracostal supracoxal supradorsalia; arcualis supradorsals supraepimeron supraepisternum suprahyoid supralingual ganglion supralittoral supralittoral zone supramaxillary supramaximal stimulus supranekton supraneural bridge suprangular; supra-angular supraoesophageal supraoesophageal ganglion supraoesophageal transverse trachea Supraopticohypophy seal tract supraorbital canal; supraorbital line suprapericardial body; ultimobranchial body; postbranchail body suprapharyngeal ganglion suprapterygoids suprarenal body; adrenal gland adrenal body suprarenin; adrenaline suprascapula suprasellar calcification suprasinelichthys supraspinal supraspinal cord supraspinal vessel; pericardial sinus supraspinatous supraspinatus muscle supraspiracular line suprastapedial suprasternal suprastigmatal tubercle supratemporal (bone); os supratemporale supratemporal canal supratentorium supratidal region supratriangular space supratympanal organ supraventral line supraventricular transverse trachea supravital staining supreme supreme intercostal artery; arteria surangular; supra-angular suranal plate; supra-anal; epiproct surface phagocytosis surface tension surfperches surgeonfishes surgonopods suriki survival survival curve survival of the fittest survival potential survival ratio survival value survivorship curve Sus Sus barbatus Sus salvanius Sus scrofa taiwanus Sus scrofa var. domestica susceptibility suspensi suspension suspensoid; suspension colloid suspensorium suspensory suspensory apparatus suspensory filament suspensory ligament suspensory mambrane suspensory muscle suspensorium of the hypopharynx sustentacular cell; supporting cell sustentors sutura (E. suture) SV-40 virus swallowers swallowing swallowtail butterfly; swallowtail swamp-eels Swanscombe man Swarkrans man-ape swarm spore; zoospore swarming swarming migration swaying movement sweat gland; glandulae sudoriferae sweepers swelling swift swim-bladder; swimming bladder swimmerets swimming swimming bells; nectocalyx(pl.nectocalyces) swimming bladder; swim-bladder swimming bristle swimming funnel swimming legs (or limbs); natatorial legs swimming ovaries swimming paddle swimming plate switch gene swordfish sword-over-the mountain SYCETTIDAE SYCHIDAE Sycon raphanus Syconoid type Sylepta derogata (Fabricius) Sylepta pernitescens Swinhoe Sylvians cerebral aqueduct SYLVIIDAE Sylvilagus Sylvilagus floridanus symbiogenesis symbion; symbiont symbiosis symbiotic digestion symbiotic life SYMBRANCHIDA; SYMBRANCHIFORMES Symbranchii symmetrical SYMMETRODONTA symmetry symparasitism sympathetic sympathetic chain sympathetic coloration sympathetic ganglion sympathetic myenteric plexus sympathetic nerve fiber sympathetic nervous system sympathetic trunk sympathin (sympathin I) sympathoblastoma sympatholytic; sympathicolytic sympathomimetic sympatric species Symphalangus Symphalangus siamangs Symphalangus syndactylus symphalangy symphily Symphorus nematophorus Symphurus novemfasciatus Symphurus orientalis SYMPHYLA symphysis SYMPHYTA symplast transport sympletic sympodite Synagrops japonicus Synagrops philippinensis synandria synangium SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE synapse SYNAPSIDA synapsis synapsis(pl.synapses ) synaptene stage synaptic synaptic cleft synaptic conduction synaptic potential synaptic stage synaptic vesicles SYNAPTOSAURIA; EURYAPSIDA Synaptura annularis synarthrosis (pl.synarthroses); immovable articulation SYNBRANCHIDAE SYNBRANCHIFORMES SYNCARIDA syncaryocyte syncaryon; synkaryon Syncerus Syncerus caffe Synchiropus lineolatus synchondrosis synchondrosis arycorniculata synchondrosis sphenopetrosa synchondrosis sternalis synchorology synchronism synchronous synchronous cleavage synchronous volley syncope; fainting syncytial trophoderm; syncytiotrophoderm syncytium syndactylism syndactylous foot syndesis syndesmosis syndesmosis tympanostapedia syndiploidy syndrome syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone; SIADH synecology SYNENTOGNATHI synergic reflex synergid nuclei synergism synergist syngamy syngenesis SYNGNATHIDAE SYNGNATHIFORMES Syngnathoides biaculeatus syngonic synizesis stage synkaryon; syncaryon SYNODONTIDAE Synodus binotatus Synodus englemani Synodus fuscus Synodus rubromarmoratus Synodus variegatus synoekete synonym synosteology synosteosis synotic tectum synovia synovial synovial bussa synovial fluid; synovia synovial fold; plica synovialis synovial layer; stratum synoviale synovial membrane; membrana synovialis synovial sheath of tendon; vagina synovialis synovial tufts; villi synviales synovialis; synovial membrane synovioma synoviparous synovitis synsacrum synsarcosis syntactical aphasia syntaxonomy synthesis synthetic synthetic action synthetic antigen synthetic culture media synthetic species synthetic theory of evolution synthorax SYNTOMIDAE syntoxoids syntropist theory syphilis syphilitic arteritis syringeal muscle syrinx Syrmaticus mikado SYRPHIDAE system system of breeding system of sperm duct systematic systematic arch systematic distribution systematic entomology systematic mutation systematic name systematic zoology systematics systematist systemic systemic aorta systemic arch; systematic arch systemic circulation systemic embryology systemic heart systemic insecticides systemic intoxicants systemic mutation; systematic mutation systole systolic systolic pressure systolic retraction (of heart apex) systolic sound syzygy T cell T lymphocytes T system T3 (triiodothyronine) T3-neogenesis T3-toxicosis T4 (thyroxine) T4-binding inter-£\ globulin T4-binding prealbumin T4 bacteriophage T4-toxicosis tabacco; tabacum tabacism; tobacosis tabacum; tabacco TABANIDAE tabes dorsalis tabes ergotica tabes infantum tabes inferior tabes spinalis; locomotor ataxia tabes superior tabes table table of bone table; inner table; outer tabulare tabule Tachardina theae Green et Mann Tachina TACHINIDAE Tachybaptus ruficollis tachycardia tachygenesis TACHYGLOSSIDAE Tachyglossus Tachyglossus aculeatus Tachyglossus setosus Tachyoryctes Tachyoryctes splendens tachyphylaxis TACHYSURIDAE tachytelic evolution tactile center tactile corpuscle (Meissner) tactile disc; tacile meniscus tactile discrimination tactile papillae tactile rod (antenna) tactile sensilla tactile spot tactile stimulus tactile tactochemicle Tadarida Tadarida insignis tadpole (pl. taeniae) (Taenia ) taenia libera taenia marginalis taenia mediana taenia of taenia Taenia saginata taenia semi-circularis Taenia solium taeniae coli Taeniaryhynchus taeniasis; cestodiasis taenidium (pl.taenidia) TAENIODONTA TAENIOGLOSSA Taenioides cirratus taeniole Taeniopaedia TAENIOPHORIDAE Taeniophorus TAENIOPTERYGIDAE Taeniura meyeni TAENOIDEA; CYCLOPPHYLLIDEA tagged molecule tagma (pl. tagmata) tagmosis taiga tail tail bud tail covert tail feathers; rectrices tail fold tail furrow tail muscle tail piece tail quills; t. feathers Tailand Bloodsucker; Calotes emma tailed monkeys taimen Taipei Frog; Two Striped Grass Frog; Rana taipehensis Taipei Green Treefrog; Rhacophorus taipeianus Taiwan Alpine Skink; Taiwan Forest Skink; Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Taiwan Barwing Taiwan Beauty Snake; Elaphe taeniura friesei Taiwan Blue Magpie Taiwan Bulbul Taiwan chunk-head snake Taiwan cobra Taiwan Coral Snake; Striped Coral Snake; Hemibungarus sauteri Taiwan Firecrest Taiwan green snake Taiwan habu Taiwan Hill Partridge Taiwan Keelback; Rhabdophis swinhonis Taiwan Kukri Snake; Taiwan Leopard Snake; Oligodon formosanus Taiwan Laughing Thrush Taiwan Leopard Snake; Taiwan Kukri Snake; Oligodon formosanus Taiwan Mountain Pitviper; Trimeresurus gracilis Taiwan rat snake Taiwan Sibia Taiwan Slug Snake; Pareas formosensis Taiwan square-head snake Taiwan Stink Snake; Elaphe carinata carinata Taiwan Tree Snake; Square-Head Snake; Boiga kraepelini Taiwan umbrella snake Taiwan Whistling Thrush Taiwan Yuhina Takifugu niphobles Takifugu poecilonotus Takifugu rubripes Takifugu xanthopterus Takydromus formosanus ; Formosan Grass Lizard Takydromus hsueshanesis ; Hsueshan Grass Lizard Takydromus septentrionalis ; Ocellated Six-lined Grass Lizard tall stature tallow; suet talocalcaneal joint; articulus talocalcanearis talocrural joint; articulus talocruralis; ankle joint talon talonid taloscaphoid (bone) taloscaphoid (bone) tali TALPIDAE talus (pl. tali) talus hamatum Tamandua tetradactyla chapadensis Tamanka tagala Tamias Tamias striatus Tamiasciurus Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Tamiops Tamiops maritimus TANAIDACEA tandem inversion tandem repeats tangetial section tangoreceptor tanned red cell hemagglutination tanner stage tannic acid tannin; tannic acid tanyblastic germ band Tanystrophaeus tapetails Tapetinae tapetum tapetum cellulosum tapetum chorioideae tapetum fibrosum tapetum lucidium tapeworm Tapinocephalians tapir TAPIRIDAE Tapirus Tapirus bairdi Tapirus indicus Tapirus pinchaque Tapirus terrestris tapping sound TARDIGRADA Tarentola mauritanica ; Moorish Gecko; Common Wall Gecko target cell target tissue of hormone tarpan tarpons TARRASIIFORMES tarsal bladder tarsal bone; ossa tarsi tarsal claw tarsal comb tarsal fascia tarsal gland; glandula tarsale (Meibomi) tarsal lobe tarsal lymph gland tarsal pad tarsal pulvilli tarsal sheath tarsal teeth tarsal tarsales; tarsalia tarsier TARSIIDAE TARSIOIDEA TARSIPEDIDAE Tarsipes Tarsipes rostratus Tarsius Tarsius syrichta tarsomere tarso-metatarsal (pl.tarso-metatarsi) tarso-metatarsal articulation tarsus tarsus palpebrarum tartar tartarnic acid tassel-finned taste blindness taste bud taste cell taste cup taste hairs taste papilla taste pore taster taster of PTC tattoo taurine taurocholic acid Taurotragus Taurotragus oryx tautomerism; dynamic isomerism Tawny Fish Owl taxeopodous taxis taxon; taxonmical group taxonomic category taxonomic character taxonomical group; taxon taxonomy Tay-Sachs disease TBG(T4-binding globulin) TBII(Thyrotropin receptor binding inhibitory immunoglobulin) TRAb TBPA(T4-binding prealbumin) tear gland; lacrimal gland teat; nipple TEBG(testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin) technetium-99 tecto-pontine tract tectorial membrane TECTOSPONDYLI tectospondylous vertebrae tectrices; coverts; wing coverts tectum tectum medialis tectum nasi Tedemann's boides tegmen (pl. tegmina) tegmental roof tegmentum (pl.tegmenta) tegmina tegula TEIIDAE; Whiptails Teixierichthys jordani tela telegony telencephalic vesicle telencephalon teleodont teleology Teleosaurus teleosis TELEOSTEI teleostei abdominales teleostei anteriorales TELEOSTOI; ACTINOPTERYGII Teleosts TELEPHORIDAE TELESTACEA TELLINIDAE TELLINOIDEA TELMATHERINIDAE telobionts teloblast telocentric chromosome telocentric telochromomere telocoele telodendrion telofilum telekinesis telolecithal egg telophase telopodite teloreceptor TELOSPORIDIA telosynapsis; telosyndesis telotroch; peri-anal circlet; peri-anal ciliary ring telotrochal larva telotrophic type telson telum Temnospondyli temnospondylous vertebrae temperate deciduous forest temperate phage temperate rain forest temperate zone temperate temperature temperature coefficient temperature preferendum temperature regulation temperature sensation temperature sensitive gene temperature sensitive period template Temple Treefrog; Meintein Treefrog; Chirixalus idiootocus temporal bone temporal fossa temporal isolation temporal lobe temporal margin temporal muscle; musculus temporalis temporal notch; otic notch temporal plain; planum temporale temporal vacuity temporal wing temporal temporalis muscle temporary carrier temporary climax temporary dentition temporary host temporary migration temporary parasitism temporary stimulus temporary tenaculum tendinous center tendinous cord tendinous inscription tendo reflex; tendo jerk tendomucoid tendon; tendo tendon of achillis tendon process tendon root tendon sheets tendon spindle TENEBRIONIDAE Tenebroides mauritanicus (Linnaeus) tenent hair tenpounders Tenrec TENRECIDAE tension tensor tent caterpillar tentacle tentacle ampullae tentacle sheath tentacular cartilage tentacular cirri tentacular oris tentacular root tentacular TENTACULATA tentaculated arms tentaculocyst tentaculum tentaculum cephale tentaculum larvale tentaculum peristomiale tentaculum suctoriale TENTHREDINIDAE tentorial arms tentorial foveae tentorial macula tentorial pits tentorial Tentoriceps cristatus tentorium tentorium cerebelli TEPHRITIDAE teratocarcinoma teratogenesis teratogens Teratolepis fasciata ; Carrot-tail Viper Gecko teratology teratosarcoma Teratoscincus Teratoscincus scincus ; Common Wonder Gecko teratosperm Terbratulina terebra TEREBRANTIA Terebratulid TEREBRATULIDA TEREBRATULIDINA TEREBRATULOIDEA TEREBRIDAE teredo; teres Teredo ; ship worms teres major teres minor teres of tergum teres tuberosity terga (pl. tergum) tergal tergal longitudinal muscle tergal muscle tergal suture tergite tergopleural tergosternal tergosternal muscle terminal terminal affinity terminal anastomosis terminal arborization terminal bronchiale terminal chamber terminal chiasma terminal crest terminal filament terminal infection terminal lamella; terminal plate terminal line terminal mouth terminal nerve terminal space terminalis terminator codon termitarium termite TERMITIDAE termitophile Terns terpenes Terpsiphone atrocaudate terramycin terraneous animals Terrapene Carolina; Common Box Turtle Terrapene coahuila terrapins terrarium terrestrial terrestrial animals terrestrial medium territorial territoriality territory tertian malaria tertiary bundle tertiary cavity tertiary egg membrane tertiary parasite Tertiary period tertiary structure of proteins tertiary tendon bundle tertiary; tertiaries Tessaratoma papillosa Drury tessellate test test cross test diet test meal test of independence test of significance TESTACEA testaceous testes (pl. testis) TESTICADINES testicle (=testis) testicular agenesis testicular feminization syndron testicular follicle (sperm duct) testicular sac testicular tubule testicular tumor testicular testosterone testosterone propionate TESTUDINATA testudinate; testudinatus TESTUDINES; CHELONIA; Turtles TESTUDINIDAE Testudinidae Testudo Testudo Kleinmanni tetanic contraction tetanolysin tetanospasmin tetanus antitoxin Tetanus bacillus tetanus serum tetanus toxin tetanus (tetany) tetany tethelin tethyum tetra TETRABRANCHIA TETRACTINELLIDA tetracycline tetrad tetradactyle Tetragenus TETRAGONURIDAE tetrameral tetramerous Tetraodon hispidus Tetraodon immaculatus Tetraodon meleagris Tetraodon nigropunctatus Tetraodon stellatus TETRAODONTIDAE TETRAODONTIFORMES TETRAONIDAE tetrapartite chromosome TETRAPHYLLIDEA tetraploid tetraploidy TETRAPODA tetrapolar Tetrapturus angustirostris Tetrapturus audax tetrasome tetraspore tetraster tetravalent tetraxon TETRIGIDAE Tetroda histeroides (Fabricius) tetrose TETTIGONIDAE Texas Horned Lizards; Phrynosoma cornatum Thai Bow-fingered Gecko; Cyrtodactylus peguensis thalamencephalon (pl.thalamencephala) thalamus (pl.thalami) Thalarctos Thalarctos maritimus Thalassoma amblycephalus Thalassoma fuscum Thalassoma hardwicki Thalassoma jansenii Thalassoma lunare Thalassoma lutescens THALATTOSAURIA Thalattosaurus THALIACEA Thalicotheres THALLIACEA thallinization thallus (pl.thalli) THAMNASTERIIDAE THAMNOPHILIDAE thanatosis thebesian valve theca theca externa theca interna theca of follicle THECAMOEBA THECAPHORA; CALYPTOBLASTEA Thecodonatosaurus thecodont THECODONTIA theelin; oestrone thelarche thelygenic thelykaryon thelytokous parthenogensis thelytoky thenar thenar eminence thenar muscle thenar pad thenar tours theobromine theophylline theory theory of alternative dominance theory of blending inheritance theory of catastrophism theory of center of origin theory of creative evolution theory of epigenesis theory of genome theory of germplasm continuity theory of inheritance of acquired characters theory of mosaic vision theory of pangenesis theory of recapitulation theory of selective growth theory of species specificity theory of use and disuse therapeutic effect therapeutic dose therapeutic index therapeutic sera therapeutic Therapon theraps THERAPSIDA therapy Theretra alecto cretico (Boisduval); Theretra alecto Linnaeus THEREVIDAE THERIA THERIODONTIA Theriodonts thermaesthesia thermal balance thermal constant thermal death point thermal increment thermal neutron thermal pollution thermal sense thermal stratification thermal sum thermal thermocline thermoduric thermodynamics thermogenesis thermogenics thermolabile thermonasty thermoperiodism thermophilic bacteria thermopile thermoreceptor thermoregulation thermostable; thermaostabile thermostat thermostromuhr thermotactic thermotaxis thermotropism Therocephalians THEROCEPHALOIDEA THEROMOPHA THEROMORPHA Theromorphoidea THEROPODA THEROPODS thiamine; aneurine THIARIDAE thigh thigmaesthesia thigmocyte; blood platelet thigmonasty thigmotaxis thigmotropism thimble THINOCORIDAE thiochrome thiocyanate thiogenic bacteria thioglycolic acid thiohistidine thiophilic thiouracil; 2-mercapto 4 pyrimidine thiourea; sulfocarbamide third anal (vein) third axillary third eye third eyelid third mediam area third peroneal muscle third radio-medial cross vein third submarginal cross nervure third valvulae third ventricle Thoburnia Tholichthys stage Thomomts Thomomts talpoides thoracic aortic plexus thoracic appendage thoracic cavity; cavum thoracis thoracic constriction thoracic duct thoracic ganglion thoracic leg thoracic muscle thoracic pleural bristle thoracic region of spinal cord thoracic salivary gland thoracic segment thoracic shield thoracic tracheal comb thoracic vertebrae thoracic THORACICA thoracico-abdominal rudiment thoracico-abdominal thickening thoraco-acromial artery; arteria thoraco-acromialis THORACOCHARAX thoraco-lumbar division thoracopod thoracostei THORACOSTEIDA thoracotomy thoraico-abdominal thorax Thorny Devil; Moloch; Moloch horridus Thosea sinensis (Walker) THRAUPIDAE thread thread capsule; nematocyst; cnida thread cell; cnidoblast thread press thread tube threadfin threadfin breams threadfin scat threadfins thread-tail threonine Threpterius threshold threshold of fatal (high or low) temperature threshold of stimulation THRESKIORNITHIDAE THRIDIDAE Thrips Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) Thrips palmi Karny Thrips serrata Kobus; Fulmekiola serrata (Kobus) Thrips simplex (Morison) throat thrombocyte thrombophlebitis thrombopoiesis thrombosis thromboxane thrombus THROSCIDAE Throscoryssa citri Maulik thrush Thrush (es) Thryonomyidae THRYONOMYIDAE Thryonomyidae swinderianus Thryssa dussumeri Thryssa hamiltonii Thryssa kammalensis thumb thumb pad Thunnini Thunnus alalunga Thunnus albacares Thunnus obesus Thunnus thunnus Thunnus thynnus Thunnus tonggol THYATIRIDAE THYLACINIDAE Thylacinus Thylacinus cynocephalus THYLACOMYIDAE Thylacosmilus thylakoids thymic corpuscle thymic lymphocyte thymic thymine; thymin thymocyte thymoma thymonucleic acid thymosin thymovidin thymus thymus gland thymus histone thymus nucleic acid; thymonucleic acid thyreoarytaenoideus muscle Thyreocorinae thyreoid; thyroid THYRIDIAE thyridum thyrocalcitonin thyrocyte thyro-epiglottic ligament; lig. thyro-epiglotticus thyroglobulin thyroglossal cyst thyroglossal duct; ductus thyreoglossus thyrohyoid muscle thyroid acropachy thyroid cartilage thyroid disease thyroid follicle thyroid gland thyroid goiter thyroid growth antibody thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulin thyroid hormone thyroid isthmus thyroid lymphoma thyroid malformation thyroid microsomal antibody thyroid pyramidal lobe thyroid radioiodine turnover thyroid radioiodine uptake thyroid scan thyroid stimulating hormone thyroid stimulation prepituitary hormone (TSH) thyroid suppression test thyroid tumor thyroid thyroidectomy thyroiditis thyronine thyropharyngeal muscle; muscle thyropharygeus thyroprivia hypothyroidism Thyroptera Thyroptera tricolor THYROPTERIDAE thyrotoxic crisis thyrotoxicosis thyrotoxicosis factitia thyrotroph cell thyrotropic hormone; thyroid-stimulating hormone; thyrotropin; thyrotropic hormone thyrotropic hormone-releasing hormone; thyrotropin releasing hormone; TSH-releasing hormone; TRH thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) thyroxine; thyroxin Thyrsoidea macrurus THYSANOPTERA THYSANURA thysanuriform larve; campodeiform nymph thysanuriform; campodeiform; campodeoid tibia (pl.tibiae) tibial tibial flexor muscle tibial membrane tibial nerve; nervus tibialis tibial ring tibial spur tibial tarsal bone; tibiale tibiale; tibial tarsal bone tibio-tarsus TICHIDROMIDAE tick tidal air tidal pool tidal volume tidal zone Tiedemann's gland tiger beetle Tiger Bittern tigerperches tight junctions tiglic acid tiglion tigogenin tilefishes Tiliqua scincoides; Common Blue-tongue Skink; Eastern Blue-tongue Skink TIMALIIDAE timbal; tympanum timber-line time constant time factor TINAEGERIIDAE TINAMIDAE TINAMIFORMES Tinamous Tinea pellionella Linnaeus TINEIDAE Tintinnids TIPHIIDAE TIPULIDAE tissue tissue botryodalis; botryoidal tissue tissue culture tissue fluid tissue grade tissue immunity tissue layers tissue lipid tissue protein tissue specificity tissue spirochaeta tissue system tissue tension tissue transplant TITANOSUCHOIDEA titanothere titration of precipitins TMG (tubular maximum for glucose) TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) To; Tou Lung; Chinese Alligator; Alligator sinensis toadfish toads tobacco mosaic disease tobacco mosaic virus tocogony; generatio parentalis tocopherol TODIDAE toes Takay Gecko; Gecko gecko tokocyte tokostome tolbutamide tolerance tomatin tomboyism Tomistoma schlegeli tomium (pl.tomia) tone tongue bar tonguefishes tonguetic tonicity TONNIDAE TONNIDEA tonofilaments tonography tonoplast tonotropism tonsil tonsilla tonsilla tonsillectomy tonus tonus factor tonus; myogenic tonus; neurogenic tooth (pl. teeth) tooth anlage; t. fundament tooth shell tooth socket toothcarps toothed birds topocline topodeme topographic factor topographic map topography toponym topotaxis topotropism topotype TORGOSUS torma tormogen tornaria TORNIDAE (=ADEORBIDAE) Torosaurus TORPEDINIDAE Torpedinini torques torsion tortoise tortoise-shelled turtle TORTRICIDAE torulus torus Tosana niwae total bacterial count total cleavage; holoblastic cleavage total color blindness total conjugation total effective temperature total metabolic rate total metabolism total segmentation; t. cleavage total totipotent totoglossa toucans touch touch threshold tourniquet toxa toxemia; toxicaemia toxic adenoma toxic atrophy toxic jaundice toxic multinodular goiter toxic nephrosis toxic nodular goiter toxic value toxic toxicant toxicity toxicogenic; toxigenic toxicognath toxicology toxicosis toxiferous toxigenic; toxicogenic toxigenicity toxin toxin-antitoxin reaction Toxodon TOXODONTIA toxogenin toxoid Toxolasma cylindrella toxon (toxone) Toxoplasma Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) Toxotes joculatrix TOXOTIDAE TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide) trabant chromosome; satellited chromosome trabant; satellite trabecula (pl.trabeculae) trabeculae trabeculae of spleen; t.lienis trace element tracer tracer experiment trachea trachea (pl.trachea) tracheal air sac tracheal annular ligament tracheal branch tracheal capillary tracheal gill tracheal longitudinal trunk tracheal plate tracheal ring tracheal syrinx tracheal system tracheal tracheids trachelomastoid muscle; musculus trachelomastoideus Trachemys scripta elegans ; Common slider; Red-ear turtle Trachemys scripta elegans ; Red-eared Slider tracheo-branchial tracheole TRACHICHTHYIDAE Trachidermus fasciatus Trachinocephalus myops TRACHIPTERIDAE Trachipterus ishikavae trachitis Trachodon TRACHODONTS trachoma Trachops Trachops cirrhosus Trachydosaurus rugosus ; Shingle-back Skink trachygossate TRACHYLINA TRACHYMEDUSAE Trachypithecus geei; Presbytis geei; Semnopithecus geei Trachypithecus pileatus Trachypithecus pileatus; Presbytis pileata; Semnopithecus pileatus Trachyrhamphus serratus Trachystomata tract of nervous system tract; tractus Tragelaphus Tragelaphus imberbis TRAGULIDAE Traguline Tragulus Tragulus meninna trahiras tranquilizers transcortin transcription transduction transfer RNA (tRNA) transformation in bacteria transforming growth factor transfusion tissue transillumination translation translational control of gene expression translocation (chromosomal) transmission electron microscope transmission; neural transmitter substance transpirational-pull theory transplantation transplantation of tissues transport transport vesicles transposition transposition of teeth transposition or viscera transposons transsphenoidal approach transsphenoidal microsurgery transudates transversal transverse transverse acetular ligament; lig. transversum acetabli transverse arytaenoid ligament; lig. transversum arytanenoides transverse canals transverse colon; colon transversum transverse commissures transverse conjunctiva transverse connectives transverse division transverse facial branch transverse fissure transverse lip transverse medullary fold; t. neural fold; t. neural ridge transverse process transverse rugae transverse section transverse segmentation; t. division transverse septum transverse spinalis system transverse suture transverse vein transversospinalis system; transverse spinalis system TRAPEZIIDAE trapizius muscle trauma traumatic regeneration traumatic shock traumatic tree frog Tree gecko; Indo-pacific tree gecko; Hemiphyllodactylus typus typus Tree Runner; Oyster Catcher; Plica plica tree shrew tree sloths Tree Sparrow tree toads tree vegetation trehalose Tremarctos Tremarctos ornatus TREMATODA TREMATOSAURIA trench fever trench foot trench ocean Treponema TREPTOSTOMATA TRH; thyrotropin releasing hormone; thyrotropic hormone-releasing hormone; TSH-releasing hormone TRH stimulation test TRIACANTHIDAE Triacanthodes anomalus TRIACANTHODIDAE TRIACANTHOIDAE Triacanthus biaculeatus Triacanthus brevirostris triactinal triacylglycerol Triadobatrachus Triaenodon obesus Triaenopogon barbatus Triakinia Triakis scylia Triakis venusta trial-and-error method Trialeurodes mori Takahashi; Pealius mori (Takahashi) triangullaris muscle triarticulate; triarticular; triarticulatus triasaccharides Triassic period Triassochelys triaster Triathaba mundella Walker triaxon tri-basic polyploid tribe Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Tribolium confusum Jacquelin deVal Tribolonotus novaeguinea ; New Guinea Helmeted Skink tribosphenic molar pattern tricarboxylic acid cycle tricentric triceps muscle Triceratops TRICHECHIDAE Trichechus inunguis Trichechus manatus Trichechus manatus Linnaeus Trichechus senegalensis Trichina Trichinella trichinosis TRICHIURIDAE TRICHIUROIDEA Trichiurus lepturus trichloracetic acid Trichocephalus trichocyst Trichodectes canis TRICHODECTIDAE trichogen trichogen cell trichoid sensilla Tricholimnas sylvestris trichology trichome Trichomonas trichomoniasis TRICHOMYCTERIDAE TRICHONOTIDAE Trichonotus setiger Trichonymph Trichophyton TRICHOPTEBYGIDAE TRICHOPTERA TRICHOSTOMATE Trichosurus Trichosurus vulpecula trichromatia trichromatopsia Trichuris TRICLADIDA triconodon TRICONODONTA TRICOZOA tricresol tricuspid insufficiency tricuspid stenosis tricuspid valve tricuspid Tridacna TRIDACNIDAE TRIDACNOIDEA TRIDACTYLIDAE trigeminal nerve trigeminus (N.); trigeminal nerve triggerfishes TRIGONALIDAE trigonid trigonodon trigonum trigonum olfactorium trigonum vesicae trigonum (os) trihybrid trihybrid cross triiodothyronine (T3) trilobate; trilobatus TRILOBITA trilobite trilobite larva Trilophodon trilophodont Trilophosaurus Trimeresurus carinatus Trimeresurus gracilis ; Kikuchi Habu; Taiwan mountain pitviper Trimeresurus gramineus Trimeresurus gramineus formosensis Trimeresurus gramineus kodairai Trimeresurus gramineus stejnegeri Trimeresurus monticola makazaya Trimeresurus monticola orientalis Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus ; Chinese Habu; Pointed-scaled pitviper Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri ; Chinese Green Tree Viper; Green Bamboo Viper trimerous trimethylamine trimethyleneglycol Trimma caudomacaulata trimorphism Tringa nebularia trinominal nomenclature Triodon macropterus TRIODONTIDAE TRIODONTOIDEA TRIONYCHIDAE Trionyx Trionyx ater Trionyx gangeticus Trionyx hurum Trionyx nigricans triose triphenylmethane dyes triphodont TRIPHORIDAE TRIPHOROIDEA triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN) triple case triple cross triple crossing over triple fusion triple helix triple nutritional mutant triple response triple triplespines triplet triplet code tripletails triplex triplex placenta triple-zoned coral triploblastic triploblastic organisms triploblastic triploid triploidy triploparasitism Tripodichthys blochii tripolar spindle TRIPTERYGIIDAE Tripterygion etheostoma Tripterygion fasciatum triquetrum (os) trisomic ratio trisomic trisomy trisomy-21 Trisotropis dermopterus trispermic egg tristearin; stearin tritium tritoblast tritocerebrum Triton TRITUBERCULATA; PANTOTHERIA trituberculates Triturus (=Triton) Tritylodon triungulin trivalent chromosome TRIVIIDAE TRIVIOIDEA trivium trochantellus; trochanterellus trochanter trochanter major trochanter minor trochantin trochelea trocheles muscularis trocheles of ankle bone; t. tali trocheles of humerus; t. humeri trochelminth larva; trochophora TROCHELMINTHES TROCHIDAE TROCHILIDAE TROCHINA TROCHIOIDEA trochlear nerve; N. trochlearis trochlear nucleus trochlear trochoid spiral trochoid; pivot joint trochophore larva trochophore stage trochophore theory trochophore; trochophora; trochosphere; trochelminth larva Trochosphaera trochospher; trochophore trochus Troctes ; book louse TROCTIDAE trodhal disk TROGIDAE Troglodytes troglodytes TROGLODYTIDAE troglophilous Trogoderma granarium Everts Trogon TROGONIDAE TROGONIFORMES TROGONOPHIDAE; Sharp-tailed Worm Lizard Trogonophis weigmanni ; Checkerboard Worm Lizard; Wiegmann's Worm Lizard TROGOSITIDAE Troides aeacus formosanao (Rothschild) Troides magellanus Felder et Felder Trombicula akamuski TROMBICULIDAE trophallaxis; reciprocal feeding trophamnion trophectoderm trophi trophic disturbance trophic level trophic levels of food web trophic membrane trophic plasticity trophic symbiosis trophic trophoblast; trophoderm trophochromatin trophocytes trophoderm; trophoblast trophodermal sinus; lacuna trophodermal villi; chorionic villi trophodermal trophonema trophonucleus trophoprivic hypothyroidism trophospongia trophospongium trophotaxis trophothylax trophotropism trophozoite; schizont tropibasic cranium; trophbasic ranium tropic behavior tropic hormone tropical deciduous forest tropical eosinophilia tropical forest tropical rain forest tropical tropicopolitan species tropin; opsonin Tropiocolotes tripolitanus ; Northern Sand Gecko tropism tropokinesis tropomyosin troponin tropophil Trousseau's sign trout trout-perches true amnion true body cavity true breeding hybrid true decidua true mentum true nipple true pupa true rib true vertebrae true vocal cord trumpeters trumpetfishes truncate; truncatus truncus; trunk truck blastema truck ganglion truck inductor truck muscle truck neuromere truck organizer truck turtle truck vertebrae trunkfishes TRYGONIDAE TRYPANORHYNCHA Trypanosoma trypanosomes trypanosomiasis Trypauchen vagina TRYPETIDAE; TEPHREITIDAE trypsin tryptophan Tseajaia tse-tse fly TSH; thyroid stimulating hormone TSI (Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin) tsutsugamushi disease tuatara tuba tubal abbortion tubal bladder tubal extremity tubal ligation tubal pregnancy tubal tonsil tubal wall tubal tube cells tube feet; podia tube worms tube; auditory tube; bronchial tube; gill tube; intubation tube; neural tubeblennies tube-eye tuber tuber alveolare tuber cinereum tuber coxae tuber omentale tuber sacrale tuber scapalae tuber vermis tubercle tubercle of sella tubercle of tibia tubercle of ulna tubercular facet tubercular head tubercular tuberculin tuberculin test tuberculoprotein tuberculosectorial tooth tuberculosis tuberculum tubercle tuberiferous tuber ischiale; tuber ischiadicum Tuberlaria tubero-hypophyseal tract tuberosiyt; tuberositas tubesnouts tube-within-a tube tubicolous TUBINARES; PROCELLARIFORMES tubo-uterine pregnancy tubular augmentation tubular dermal gland tubular gland tubular maximum for glucose (TMG) tubular ovipositor tubular reabsorption tubular uremia tubular tubule tubulus tubule; convolated tubule; lactiferous tubule; renal; tubuli renalis tubule; straight; tubulus seminiferous rectus tubuli (pl. of tubulus) TUBULIDENTATA TUBULIFERA tubulin tubulo-alveolar gland Tubulodon tubulus; tubule Tuditanus Tufted Duck Tuiiinae Tularaemia; tularemia tumescence tumor necrosis factor tumors; tumours tuna tundra TUNGIDAE; HECTOPSYLLIDAE tunic; tunica tunica adventitia tunica albuginea; albugineous coat tunica conjunctive tunica dartos tunica externa tunica fibrosa tunica interna; tunica intima tunica media tunica mucosa tunica muscularis tunica propria (tubuli seminiferi) tunica serosa tunica submucosa (urethrae muliebris) tunica vaginalis tunica vasulosa oculi TUNICATA Tunicates Tupaia Tupaia glis TUPAIIDAE Turaco Turbatrix aceti TURBELLARIA turbidimeter turbidity turbinal fold turbinate bone; turbinae TURBINELLIDAE TURBINIDAE TURBININDAE TURDIDAE Turdus chrysolaus Turdus poliocephalus True Lizards; Typical Lizards; Lacertids; LACERTIDAE Tuatara; RHYNCHOCEPHALIA Tuatara; Sphenodon punctatus Tuberocephalus momonis (Matsumura) turgid turgidity turgiscence turgor turgor pressure turkeyfishes TURNICIDAE turnover number turret cell TURRICULINAE (=COCHLESPINAE) TURRIDAE TURRITELLIDAE TURRITELLOIDEA Tursiops aduncus Tursiops truncatus turtle designed snake Turtle-head Sea Snake; Emydocephalus ijimae turtles Turtles; TESTUDINES; CHELONIA tusk shells tween brain; diencephalon twin cones twin hybrid twin ocellus twin spot twinning twins twitch Two Striped Grass Frog;Taipei Frog; Rana taipehensis Two-legged Worm Lizard; BIPEDIDAE two-plane theory of chiasma tychocoen tychoplankton tychopotamic Tydemania navigatoris Tylonycteris TYLOPODA Tylosaurus Tylosaurus acus melanotus Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus tymanal organ tympanal air chamber tympanal frame tympanal pocket tympanal tympanic tympanic bulla tympanic canal tympanic cavity tympanic chamber tympanic membrane tympanic nerve tympanic notch tympanic organ tympanic recesses tympanic ring tympanic spiracle tympanites tympanitis tympanum type type I herpes type II herpes type species type specimen Typhaea stercorea (Linnaeus) Typhlonectes TYPHLOPIDAE TYPHLOPOIDAE Typhlops Typhlops braminus Typhlops koshunensis typhlosole typhoid fever typhus typhus fever Typical Lizards; Lacertids; True lizards; LACERTIDAE typical specimen Typlhops koshunensis typology TYPOYHERIA Typotherium tyramine TYRANNIDAE Tyrannosaurus tyrosine tyrosinosis tyrothricin Tyto capensis TYTONIDAE UABRYICHTHYIDAE uberty uca; fiddler crab udder; uber UDPG (uridine diphosphate glucose) UINTATHERIA UINTATHERIA; DINOCERATA Uintatherium ulcer ulcers; duodenal ulnar area; medium area ulnar carpal bone; ulnare ulnar vein ulnar ulnare; ulnar carpal bone ulnocarpalis muscle ultimate larvae ultimobranchial bodies; suprapericardial bodies; postbranchial bodies ultra ultracentrifugation ultracertrifuge ultrachondriome ultradian rhythm ultrafiltration ultramicroscope ultramicroscopic ultramicrosome ultraplankton ultrared ray ultrasonic wave ultrasonography ultrasound ultrastructure of cells ultraviolet light ultraviolet radiation ultravisible microorganism Uma notata ; Colorado Fringe-toed Lizard umbel umbillical artery umbillical blood umbillical cicartix umbillical circulation umbillical constriction umbillical cord; u. stalk umbillical groove umbillical hernia umbillical ring umbillical stalk; u.cord umbillical vein umbillical vesicle umbillical vessel umbillical umbillicus (pl.umbillici); navel umbo (pl.umbones) umbones Umboniinae umbraculiform umbraticolous umbrella organ; sensillum campaniform umbrella-shaped stage UMBRIDAE Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) unbalanced polyploid unbalanced variation unciform bone; os hamatum Uncinaria; hookworm uncinariasis uncinate process unconditional reflex uncoupling agents uncus under fur under wing underwing coverts undescended testis; cryptorchidism undifferentiated undulant fever undulating membrane unequal bivalent unequal cleavage unequal coeloblastula unequal crossing over unequal division unequal holoblastic cleavage unequal stereoblastula unequal translocation unequal unfertilized egg UNGALINIDAE UNGUICULATA; unguiculate mammals unguis (pl. ungues) ungula (hoof) ungulate unguligrade UNGULINIDAE unicellular animal unicellular gland unicellular organism unicellular plant unicellular stage unicellular uniceptor unicornfishes unicuspid uniformitarianism unilateral copulation uninomial nomenclature uniocular vision UNIONIDA UNIONIDAE UNIONOIDA UNIONOIDEA uniordinal crochet unipennate muscle unipolar nerve cell uniramous uniserial circle unisetose unisexual unisexual pregnancy unit character unit of antitoxin; antitoxin unit of immunity; immunity unit univalent antitoxin univalent chromosome univalve universal donor universal recipient universal univoltine insect unmylinated nerve fibers unoxygenated blood unpaired unpaired appendage unpaired fin unpaired tubercle; tuberculum impar unsaturated unsaturated fats unsaturated fatty acid unstable gene Upeneus gaponicus Upeneus moluccensis Upeneus quadrilineatus upper arm upper carboniferous period upper cheek teeth upper field; anal field upper genital valve upper jaw upper palaeolithic period upper tail covert upper wing coverts up-regulation Upupa epops UPUPIDAE upwelling uracil uragoga Uraniacanthus URANIIDAE uranium-lead dating Uranoscopus japonicus urates urcelous urea urea cycle ureidosuccinic acid uremia ureogenesis ureotelic ureter ureteric bud urethra urethral crest urethral gland urethral orifice urethral process urethral urethritis uric acid uricotelic urinary urinary bladder; urocyst urinary canal urinary papilla urinary sinus urinary system urinary tract urinary vessels; malpighian tubules urination urine urine formation uriniferous tubule uriniparous urinogenital arteries urinogenital papilla urinogenital ridge urinogenital sinus urinogenital system urinogenital; urogenital urinometer; urometer urinary organ; uropoietic organs urite urn urobiline urobilinogen urocaninic acid UROCHORDATA urochrome urochromogen Urocissa caerulea urocoel Uroconger lepturus urocyst; urinary bladder urocystitis (pl.- daea) URODELA; CAUDATA Urodelidea Uroderma Uroderma bilobatum uroeadeum; urodum urogastric urogastrone urogenital arteries; urinogenital arteries urogenital canal; urinogenital sinus urogenital diaphragm urogenital duct urogenital organ urogenital pore urogenital sinus urogenital system; urinogenital system urogenital tract urogenital; urinogenital Urogymnus africanus urohyal Uroleucon formosanum (Takahashi) urolith urolithiasis Urolophinae Urolophus aurantiacus Uromastyx acanthinurus ; Dabb Mastigure; Dabb Spiny-tailed Lizard uromere urometer; urinometer Uromys Uromys caudimaculatus uroneme URONEMIFORMES uronic acid UROPELTIDAE UROPHORI urophysis Uroplatus ebenaui ; Nosy Be Flat-tail Gecko uropod uropoiesis uropoietic organ uropophyrin ¢¹ uropygial gland uropygium urosome urosternite urostyle; coccyx urotergite Urotrygon mundus uroxanthin URSIDAE Ursus Ursus americanus Ursus arctos Ursus arctos inabellinus Ursus arctos pruinosus Ursus maritimus urticant urticaria urticating hair use and disuse theory useful insect useful mutation useful usisoire Uta stansburiana ; Side-blotched Lizard uterine bell uterine cotyledons uterine crypts uterine gland uterine mouth uterine mucous membrane uterine placenta uterine tube uterine uteroabdominal pregnancy utero-ovarian plexus utero-placental artery utero-placental vein utero-placental utero-vaginal utero-vaginal canal utero-vaginal plexus uterovesical uterus adenomyosis uterus atresia uterus atrophy uterus bicornis uterus bipartitus uterus duplex uterus masculinus uterus simplex uterus tumors uterus womb utilization coefficient utricle; utriculus utricular utriculo-saccular duct utriculus breviois utriculus (pl.utriculi); utricle utriculus majore uv microspectrophotometry uvea uveal tract; uvea uvula vermis uvula vesicae vaccian; vaccinia; cowpox vaccination vaccine vaccine therapy vaccinia; vaccina vacolation vacuole vacuome vacuum fumigation vagiform; amorphour vagina vaginal canal vaginal ligament vaginal orifice vaginal process vaginal ring vaginal sac vaginal sinus vaginal sphincter vaginal tube vaginal vaginicolous vaginitis vagus (nerve) valar interosseous artery; arteria interossea volaris valence valence electrons valence of antibody valence of antigen Valenciennea longipinnis Valenciennea strigatus Valenciennellus VALENCIIDAE valerianic acid; valeric acid valid publication valine vallate papillae; circumvallate papillae vallecula valsalva valvate valve valves of heart valvifer valvula valvulosclerosis vampire bat Vampyrops Vampyrops helleri vanadocyte Vanellus vanellus VANGIDAER VANIKORIDAE vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) vannal vein vannus; vannal region VARANIDAE Varanosaurus Varanus Varanus bengalensis Varanus flavescens Varanus griseus Varanus komodoensis ; Komodo Dragon Varanus salvator ; Common Water Monitor variability variability curve variance variance of gene frequency variance retio variant variation variation; continuous variation; acquired variation; discontinuous variation; fortutous variation; inborn variation; orthogenetic; orthogenesis varicella; chicken pox Varicorhinus alticorpus Varicorhinus barbatulus varicose vein Varied Tit variety variola Variola louti varix vas afferrens (pl.vasa afferentia) vas capillare vas communicans vas deferens (pl. vasa deferentia); vas efferens (pl.vasa efferentia) vas vasa; vessel vasa aberrantia hepatis vasa Malpighii vasa mucosa vasa recta vasa vasorum vascular area vascular coat of eye vascular impression vascular plexus vascular tone vascular tunic of eye vascular vasectomy VASIDAE vasoconstriction vasoconstrictor center vasoconstrictor fiber vasoconstrictor nerve vasoconstrictor vasodilation vasodilator vasoformative vasohypertonic; vasoconstrictor vasohypotonic; vasodilator vasomotion vasomotor centers vasomotor flush vasomotor nerve vasomotor reflex vasopressin vasopression; pitressin vasotonin vastus muscle vector vegetable vegetable albumin vegetable parasite vegetable protein vegetal cell vegetal hemisphere vegetal period vegetal pole vegetal vegetarian diet vegetarianism vegetative cell; vegetal cell vegetative form vegetative function vegetative hybrid vegetative intermitotics vegetative nervous; autonomic nervous system vegetative organ vegetative pole; vegetal pole vegetative propagation vegetative reproduction vegetative stage vegetative Veiled Chameleon; Chamaeleo calyptoratus vein (vena) veinlet velamentous insertion velar plate velar statocyst velar tentacles velar; velum Velella VELIFERIDAE veliger larva VELIIDAE velum velum interposition velum medullare anterius velum medullare posterius velum transversum velvetfishes vena (pl. venae) vena cava vena venae venation venereal disease Venericardiinae VENERIDAE VENEROIDA VENEROIDEA venom venomous seta venomous spine venomous venous blood venous capillaries venous hyperemia venous orifice venous pressure venous pulse venous return venous sinus venous system venous venter ventilation ventilation and gas exchange ventilation rate ventilation tracheae ventrad ventral ventral aorta ventral arch ventral aspect ventral atlanto-occipital membrane ventral blood vessel ventral border ventral branch ventral canal; posterior semi-circular canal ventral cavity ventral chord ventral ciliated eqaulette ventral column ventral commissure ventral constrictor ventral curvature ventral decubitus ventral diaphragm ventral fins ventral fissure ventral funiculus ventral furrow ventral ganglionic mass ventral gland ventral heart ventral horn ventral line ventral lip ventral longitudinal sinus ventral median fissure ventral median septum ventral mesentery ventral mesocardium ventral muscle ventral nerve chain ventral nerve cord ventral oesophargeal trunk ventral pancreas ventral petrosae sinuses ventral pharyngeal gland ventral plate (blastoderm) ventral ramus ventral rib ventral root ventral sac ventral sagittal sinus; v. longitudinal sinus ventral sinus ventral stylet ventral sucker ventral surface of cerebrum ventral sympathetic nervous system ventral tube ventral valve ventral vessel ventricle ventricle of heart ventricles of brain ventricular fibrillation ventricular ganglion ventricular ligament ventricular Ventrifossa garmani Ventrifossa nigrodorsalis ventrispinales; haemal spine ventrite ventrodorsal ventrolateral venules venus flytrap Venus's flower basket verdohematin VERITHIOIDAE vermes VERMETIDAE (=SILIQUARIIDAE) Vermetus vermiculation vermiform vermiform appendix vermiform cell vermiform embryo vermiform larva vermifuge vermis vernal catarrh vernal fever vernal vernix caseosa verruca; verruga versicolorous vertebrae vertebral arch vertebral artery vertebral body; centrum vertebral canal vertebral column; vertebral column vertebral foramen vertebral plate vertebral rib vertebral theory vertebral vein vertebral VERTEBRATA vertebrates vertex vertical bar (branchial basket) vertical bristle vertical canal vertical distribution vertical furrow vertical margin vertical migration vertical orbit vertical stratification vertigo very low density lipoprotein (vLDL) vesica (pl.vesicae) vesical of Savi vesical plexus vesical reflex vesical vein vesicel vesicle of penis vesicles VESICOMYIDAE vesicula vesicle vesicular eye vesicular ovarian follicle vesicular Vespa Vespertilio Vespertilio orientalis Vespertilio superans VESPERTILIONIDAE VESPIDAE vessel vestibular aqueduct vestibular bulb vestibular canal vestibular gland vestibular labium vestibular nerve vestibular organ vestibular window vestibular vestibule (L. vestibulum) vestibule of vagina vestibulum vestigial leg vestigial male vestigial organ vestigial veterinary entomology veterinary medicine veterinary parasitology veterinary vexillifer stage Vexillinae vexillum; vexhillum viability viable count vibraculum vibratile cleft vibratile corpuscule vibratile plume vibratory stimulus Vibrio vibrissa (pl.vibrissae) vicariance vicarious species vicinism; unexpected outcrossing Vicugna vicugna VIDUIDAE vibratile vigor villi villi synoviales villiform tooth Villosa trabalis Vinaceous Rosefinch vinculum (pl.vincula) vineger eelworm Vinous-throated Parrotbill viosterol; irradiated ergosterol Vipera Vipera berus ; Common Viper Vipera ursinii Viperfishes VIPERIDAE Viperinae VIPERS VIPoma viral disease viral pneumonia viral VIREONIDAE virga virgin virgin egg virgin milk virginal hypertrophy virginal membrane; hymen virginal virilism virility virilization virion virioplankton viroids virology virulence virulence antigen virulent phage virulent virus (pl.viruses) virus immunity virus theory visceral arch visceral branch; v. nerve visceral cleft visceral cranium; viscerocranium visceral furrow visceral ganglion visceral groove visceral layer visceral leishmaniasis visceral mass visceral mesoderm; v. layer visceral motor (fiber) visceral muscle visceral nervous system visceral pain visceral pericardium visceral peritoneum; serosa visceral pleura visceral pouch visceral rami visceral sac visceral sensation visceral sensory column visceral sensory fiber visceral sinus visceral skeleton visceral tracheal trunk visceral viscerocranium; splanchnocranium viscosity viscous visible lethal gene visible mutant vision visual acuity visual axis visual cell visual center visual field visual organ visual purple; rhodopsin; pophyrosin visual righting reflex visual threshould visual violet; iodopsin visual white; leucopsin visual yellow; xanthopsin vital capacity vital dye vital force vital function vital impulse; v. force vital observation; v. examination vital phenomenon vital staining vital theory vital vitalism; vital theory vitalist vitality; vital force vitamin vitamin A (antixerophthalmic v.) vitamin B (B complex) vitamin B1 (antiberiberic v. or thiamine) vitamin B12 (cyano-cobalamin) vitamin B2 (vit. G; riboflavin) vitamin B5 (nicotinic acid) vitamin B6 (pyridoxine; pyridoxal; pyridoxamines) vitamin B8 (adenylic acid) vitamin Bc (folic acid) vitamin C (ascorbic acid; antiscorbutic V.) vitamin D (antirachitic v.) vitamin D2 (calciferol) vitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol) vitamin E (tocopherol) vitamin G (=B2) vitamin H (biotin) vitamin K (coagulation v; antihemorrhagic v.) vitamin L (rat lactation v.) vitamin M vitamin P (permeability v; or anticapillary fragility factor) vitamin V vitamin X (=P) vitellarium vitellin vitelline area vitelline areola vitelline artery vitelline body; yolk nucleus vitelline cavity vitelline circulation vitelline duct vitelline gland vitelline mass vitelline membrane vitelline vacuole vitelline vein vitelline vessel vitelline vitelloduct vitellophages vitellus (yolk) vitrella vitreodentine vitreous body; vitreous humor vitreous chamber vitreous stroma vitreous; vitreus Viverriculla Viverriculla indica VIVERRIDAE Vivid Niltava vividiffusion technique viviparity viviparous Viviparous Lizard; Lacerta vivipara vivisection vocal cord vocal sac vola vola pedis volar volar antibrachial artery volar digital branch volar groove; sulcus volaris volatilia Volemys Volemys kikuchii volley theory voltinism voluntary muscle volution volvent VOLVOCLASS; PHYTOMONADINA Volvox volvulus VOMBATIDAE vomer vomero-nasal organ vomica vomiting center vomitoria vortex cordis Vorticella vortices pilorum Vulpes Vulpes cana Vulpes macrotis Vulpes velox Vulpes vulpes Vulpes zerda vulva vulvar vulvar cleft vulvar lamina vulvar spine W-chromosome wader wading bird waggle dance waking center walking leg walking stick wallaby Wallerian degeneration walleye walrus (es) walverine wandering cell wandering macrophages wandering pronuclues wandering war edema Warblers warm blooded animal warning coloration; advertising colour; aposematic coloration warning mark wart waryfishes wasp wasp gall Wassermann test waste disposal water balance water bug water cell Water Cock water cycle water determination Water Dragon; Green Water Dragon; Physignathus concincinus water flea water lung water metabolism water moccasins water pollution water potential water regulation water scorpions water snakes water strider water table water tiger water tolerance water transport water vapor in atmosphere water vascular system waterfowl Watson-Crick model of DNA wattle wavelengths of light wax wax cell wax cutter; w. pincer wax duct wax gland wax pincer; w. cutter wax plate wax pore waxwings weasel weatherfishes web web of life web worms webbed toes Weberian apparatus web-spiners wedge-shaped wedge-shaped fasciculus wedge-shaped plate weed weevils Weismann Western Coral Snake; Micruroides euryxanthus Western Diamondback Rattlesnake; Crotalus atrox Western Hognose Snake; Heterodon nasicus wetlands Wetmorella nigropinnata Wetmorella philippina whalebone whale Wharton's duct; submaxillary duct wheel animacules wheel organ whelk whey Whimbrel whiprays Whiptails; TEIIDAE whipworm whiskers; wibrissae Whistling Swan white bear white blood cells white blood corpuscle; leucocyte white body white collagenous fiber white commissure white communicating ramus white corpuscle white fibrous tissue White Ibis White Lipped Treefrog; Java Treeforg; Polypedates megacephalus white infarct white matter White Plum Blossom Snake; Lycodon ruhstrati ruhstrati white pneumonia white pulp white ramus White Spoonbill White Stork white tailed gnu white visceral ramus; w. ramus white yolk White-backed Woodpecker White-breasted Waterhen white-plum blossom snake White-spotted Chinese Skink; Eumeces chinensis leucostictus white-stomach snake White-striped Cape Skink; Eugongylus albofasciolatus White-throated Flycathcr-Warbler White-throated Laughing Thrush White-throated Needle-tailed Swift whitefishes whitlow; paronychium whooping cough Whooping Crane whorl Whorled Sand Gecko; Chondrodactylus angulifer wibrissae Wide-striped Sea Krait; Laticauda semifasciata wiggle tail; wiggler wild cat wildlife wildlife refuge wild population Wild Turkey wild type windpipe; trachea wine cell wing bone wing bud; w. germ wing case wing cover; w. case wing covert wing germ wing margin wing muscle wing of ilium wing of vomer wing pads wing quills wing scale wing spot wing vein wing venation winged oviparous female winged scapula winged viviparous female winged wings of nose winter egg winter form winter plankton winter plumage winter resistance Winteria wisdom teeth wishbone; furcula; merry thought bone withdrawal bleeding wolf tooth Wolffian body Wolffian duct Wolffian ridges wolffishes wolves womb; uterus wombat wood cockroach woodchucks Woodcock Woodduck Woodpecker wood fat woodsia wool fat woolly bear woolly hair; lanugo woolly rhinoceros woolly worker worker bees worm like larva worm like process; vermiform appendix worm lizards worm snake worm Worm-lizard; AMPHISBAENIANS wormfishes wound hormone wrasses Wren wrinkle-lipped bat wrist wrymouths Wucheria bancrofti X-autosome translocation X-body X-crossing over; x-over X-linked inheritance X-ray diffraction X-ray diffraction of DNA X-ray microscope xanthein xanthelasma Xanthichthys Xanthid crabs xanthine xanthodrol xanthoma xanthoma diabeticorum xanthomatous xanthophore xanthophyll xanthoproteic reaction xanthopsin; visual yellow xanthopterin xanthurenic acid XANTHUSIIDAE; NightLizards xanthylic acid Xantusia henshawi ; Granite Night Lizard Xelocopa Xenarchi XENARTHRA XENIDAE XENIIDAE XENOANURA XENOBERYCES xenobiosis; xeniobiosis Xenochrophis piscator ; Striped Water Snake; Checkered Keelback XENOCONGRIDAE Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi XENOPELTIDAE Xenopeltis unicolor ; Sun Beam Snake XENOPHORIDAE XENOPHTHALMICHTHYINAE xenoplastic transplantation XENOPTERYGII; GOEIOESOCIFORMES Xenopus ; Africa clawed toads XENOSAURIDAE (SHINISAURIDAE) XENUNGULATA xerarch succession xerocoles xeroderma xeroderma pigmentosum Xeromys myoides xerophthalmia xerosis xerostomia Xiphasia setifer Xiphias gladius XIPHIIDAE XIPHIOIDEA xiphiplastron Xiphisterini xiphisternal horn xiphisternum; ensiform appendix Xiphocheilus uadrimaculatus xiphoid cartilage xiphoid process xiphoid Xiphophorus maculatus XIPHOSTOMIDAE XIPHOSURA XO gonadal dysgenesis XO karyotype XO/XX mosaicism XX disorder (sex reversal) XX gonadal dysgenesis XX male X-X translocation XX true hermaphroditism XY agonadism XYELIDAE xylan Xyleborus fornicatus Eichhiff £\-xylodetose xylophagous xylophilous £\-xylose Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat Xyrichthys paro Xyrichthys verrens Y base Y-cartilage; ypsiloid cartilage Y-chromosome Y-ligament; iliofemoral ligament; lig. iliofemorale Y-organ; moulting gland YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) yak yaws; frambesia yeast yelk; yolk yellow elastic fiber yellow banded water snake yellow bellied sea snake yellow body; corpus luteum yellow bone marrow; medulla ossium flava; y. marrow yellow cartilage yellow crescent yellow elastic tissue Yellow Fan-fingered Gecko; Ptyodactylus hasselquistii yellow fat yellow fever yellow ligament yellow marrow; y. bone marrow yellow neck water snake yellow spot Yellow Tit Yellow Turtle; Asian Yellow Pond Turtle; Mauremys mutica yellow turtle Yellow Wagtail yellow yolk yellow-bellied country-rat Yellow-headed Gecko; Gonatodes albogularis Yellow-headed Prinia Yellow-headed Tortoise; Elongated Tortoise; Indotestudo elongata Yellow-lipped Sea Krait; Laticauda colubrina Yellow-margined Box Turtle; Cistoclemmys flavomarginata Yellow-mouthed Japalura; Japalura polygonata xanthostoma Yellow-spotted Tegu; Dwarf Monitor Tegu; Callopistes maculatus Yellow-throated Minivet Yellowbelly Water Snake; Enhydris plumbea yellowfin tuna yolk yolk blastopore yolk cell yolk duct yolk endoderm yolk epithelium yolk gland yolk granule yolk lobe yolk membrane yolk nuclei yolk placenta yolk pyramid yolk rosette yolk sac yolk sac membrane yolk sphere yolk stalk yolk umbilicus yolk vacuole yolk protein young young larva YPONOMEUTIDAE Ypsiloid cartilage; Y. cartilage Ypsiscarus Yuhina brunneiceps Z-chromosome Z-DNA Z disk; Z line Zaglossus Zaglossus bartoni Zaglossus bruijni Zaglossus bubuensis Zaglossus spp. zalambdodont ZALAMBDODONTA ZALAMBDODONTS Zalophus californianus Zanclus cornutus ZANIOLEPIDIDAE Zaocys Zaocys dhumnades ; Big-eye Rat Snake ZAPRORIDAE zeaxanthin zebra Zebrasoma flavescens Zebrasoma scopas Zebrasoma veliferum Zebrias zebra ZEIDAE ZEIFORMES zein Zenopsis nebulosa ZEOMORPHIDA zeugopodium Zeus faber Zeus japonicus Zeuzera coffeae Nietner zinc Zinjanthropus ZIPHIIDAE Ziphius cavirostris Zlises draconis zoaea stage zoaea; zoea ZOANFHARIA ZOANTHARIA; HEXACORALLIA zoanthella Zoanthid ZOANTHIDEA zoanthina ZOARCIDAE zoarium zoea zoic age zoidiogamic zoidiogamy zoidiophilous flower zoidiophilous plant zoidiophilous zona zona granulosa zona pellucida; x. striata zona radiata zona reticularis zonal centrifugation zonal ultracentrifugation zonary placenta; annular placenta zonation zonation of adrenal cortex zonation of sea zone zone electrophoresis zone of effective temperature zone of fatal high temperature zone of inactivity zone of junction zonites zonociliate zonolimnetic zonoplacental zoobenthos zoobiotic zoochoric zoocoenosis zooecium zoogamy zoogenesis zoogeography zoogloea; zooglea zoogonous zooid zoology ZOOMASTIGINA zoome zoomelanin zoonerythrin; zooerythrin zooparasite zoophyte zooplankton zoosaprophagous insect zoosporangium zoospore Zoothera dauma zootomy zooxanthellae ZORAPTERA ZOROTYPIDAE ZOSTEROPIDAE Zosterops japonica Zu cristatus zwitterions ZYGAENIDAE zygantrum (pl.zygantra) zygapophysis (pl.zygapophyses) zygodactyl zygomatic process zygomatic arch zygomatic bone; os zygomaticum zygomatic branch zygomatic gland zygomatic nerve zygomatic zygomaticus major muscle zygomorphy; bilateral symmetry zygomorpic zygomycetes zygonema zygonema stadium; zygotene stage zygosome zygosphene zygospore zygote zygote nucleus zygotene zygotene stage; zygonema stadium zygotic array zygotic incompatibility zygotic induction zygotic lethal zygotic meiosis zygotic mutation zygotic number zygotic reduction zygotic zymosterol Zyzomys pedunculatus